Topography of the Hip
Topography of the Hip (Foramina, Canals, Spaces, +Femoral Canal) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Topography of the Hip – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What is the main content of the obturator canal? A) Femoral artery B) Lateral cutaneous nerve C) Obturator nerve and vessels D) Lymphatic vessels The obturator canal contains the obturator nerve and vessels. 2 / 10 Which fascia surrounds the femoral canal? A) Cribriform fascia B) Pectineal ligament C) Lacunar ligament D) Iliac fascia The cribriform fascia surrounds the femoral canal. 3 / 10 Which structures form the Greater Sciatic Foramen? A) Iliopsoas muscle and sacrum B) Sacrum and pubic symphysis C) Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments, sacral bone D) Ilium, sacrotuberous ligament The greater sciatic foramen is formed by the sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, and the sacral bone. 4 / 10 Which ligament contributes to the formation of the greater sciatic foramen? A) Sacrospinous ligament B) Lacunar ligament C) Sacrotuberous ligament D) Iliopectineal arch The sacrospinous ligament contributes to the formation of the greater sciatic foramen. 5 / 10 Which ligament contributes to the boundary of the femoral canal medially? A) Cribriform fascia B) Sacrotuberous ligament C) Iliopectineal arch D) Lacunar ligament The lacunar ligament forms the medial boundary of the femoral canal. 6 / 10 What is the content of the saphenous opening? A) Lateral cutaneous nerve B) Superior gluteal artery C) Great saphenous vein D) Obturator nerve The saphenous vein passes through the saphenous opening. 7 / 10 Which nerve is transmitted through the lacuna musculorum? A) Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh B) Obturator nerve C) Genitofemoral nerve D) Femoral nerve The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh passes through the lacuna musculorum. 8 / 10 What structure forms the medial boundary of the femoral ring? A) Lacunar ligament B) Pectineal ligament C) Sacrotuberous ligament D) Iliopectineal arch The lacunar ligament forms the medial boundary of the femoral ring. 9 / 10 What is transmitted through the infrapiriform foramen along with the sciatic nerve? A) Superior gluteal nerve B) Obturator nerve C) Inferior gluteal nerve D) Femoral artery The inferior gluteal nerve and vessels are transmitted through the infrapiriform foramen. 10 / 10 What separates the greater sciatic foramen into suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramina? A) Piriformis muscle B) Obturator membrane C) Sacrotuberous ligament D) Iliopectineal arch The piriformis muscle separates the greater sciatic foramen into suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramina. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the topography of the hip, including important foramina, vascular and muscular spaces, and the femoral canal. Topography of the Hip Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramina Greater Sciatic Foramen (Foramen Ischiadicum Majus) Lesser Sciatic Foramen (Foramen Ischiadicum Minus) Formed by: Sacrospinous Ligament Sacrotuberous Ligament Sacral Bone Suprapiriform Foramen Infrapiriform Foramen Obturator Canal Obturator Canal (Canalis Obturatorius) Vascular and Muscular Space Lacuna Vasorum et Lacuna Musculorum Inguinal Ligament (Ligamentum Inguinale) Iliopectineal Arch (Arcus Iliopectineus) Pectineal Ligament (Ligamentum Pectineale) Lacunar Ligament (Ligamentum Lacunare) Muscular Space (Lacuna Musculorum) Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh (N. Cutaneus Femoris Lateralis) Iliopsoas Muscle (Musculus Iliopsoas) Vascular Space (Lacuna Vasorum) Femoral Branch of Genitofemoral Nerve (R. Femoralis from N. Genitofemoralis) Femoral Artery (Arteria Femoralis) Femoral Vein (Vena Femoralis) Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes Femoral Ring (Anulus Femoralis) Femoral Canal (Canalis Femoralis) Saphenous Opening (Hiatus Saphenus) Cribriform Fascia Femoral Hernia Transcript Introduction0:01what’s up.0:04Meditay here and in this video, we’re gonna cover the topography of the hip.0:08Alright, As we know, the body doesn’t function properly0:10without a good supply of vasculature.0:12You know nerves, blood vessels and lymph vessels.0:15Our body have special canals and openings so that these vasculatures can reach their0:19designated target most effectively.0:22And those openings and canals are present throughout our body, including the lower limb.0:26So, in this video, we’ll discuss the topography of the Hip.0:30And then the next video will be about the topography of the thigh and the topography0:33of the Leg.Hip Topography Overview0:34Awesome.0:35Aight.0:36So the main topographical areas that I wanna focus on in this video is going to be the0:39Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramina.0:41The Obturator Canal, the Vascular and Muscular Space behind the inguinal ligament and the0:47femoral canal.0:48And we’ll also talk a little bit about potential pathologies related with the femoral canal.0:52Cool, so we’ll cover all of these, but first we need to understand a couple of things aboutPelvis Orientation0:57the pelvis, because it’s divided in a little weird way.1:00Ok.1:01So, the bones of the pelvis are going to be related to two different areas of our body.1:06If the contents are within the true pelvis.1:09This would be the pelvic cavity.1:11If they’re located more inferiorly, this is the region of the perineum where we’d1:15see the external genitalia as well as the anus.1:18Now laterally, what we’re going to see is that there are a lot of structures articulating1:23with the lateral aspect of these bones Or a site of muscle attachment for the gluteal1:28region.1:29And to get structures back and forth between these different areas of the body.1:33We need to have openings, otherwise known as foramen.Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramina1:36Now the foramen here are going to be different than some of the other foramen in our body.1:41Now many of the foramen that we’re going to see are going to be completely enclosed1:45by bone.1:46Which is the case like we see with the obturator foramen on the anterior aspect of the hip.1:51Now the sciatic foramina are going to be partially enclosed by bone on their anterior aspects.1:57But enclosed on their posterior aspects by ligaments.2:00So the only way to get these foramen in place is to have two ligaments that help close off2:05and bound these spaces.2:07Now the first of them is more superficially located.2:11And that is the sacrotuberous ligament, which mainly connects the sacrum to the ischial2:16tuberosity.2:17The other ligament is the Sacrospinous Ligament.2:20And as its name applies, it’s going to attach from
Fascia of the Lower Limb
Fascia of the Lower Limb (Cross Sections, Tendinous Sheath, Retinaculum) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Fascia of the Lower Limb – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What structure passes through the 3rd canal of the flexor retinaculum? A) Tibialis posterior tendon B) Flexor hallucis longus tendon C) Flexor digitorum longus tendon D) Tibial artery, vein, and nerve The tibial artery, tibial vein, and tibial nerve pass through the 3rd canal of the flexor retinaculum. 2 / 10 What is the role of the interosseous dorsal fascia of the foot? A) Encloses fibular tendons B) Stabilizes interosseous muscles C) Covers plantar aponeurosis D) Protects tibial artery The interosseous dorsal fascia of the foot stabilizes the dorsal interosseous muscles. 3 / 10 What does the saphenous opening in the fascia lata allow? A) Enclosure of gracilis B) Passage of saphenous vein C) Passage of tibial nerve D) Protection for femoral artery The saphenous opening in the fascia lata allows the great saphenous vein to pass through. 4 / 10 What is enclosed in the 1st canal of the superior extensor retinaculum? A) Tendinous sheath of extensor hallucis longus B) Tendinous sheath of tibialis anterior C) Dorsalis pedis artery D) Tendinous sheath of extensor digitorum longus The tendinous sheath of tibialis anterior is enclosed in the 1st canal of the superior extensor retinaculum. 5 / 10 Which fascia forms the plantar aponeurosis? A) Interosseous plantar fascia B) Crural Fascia C) Superficial Plantar Fascia D) Popliteal Fascia The superficial plantar fascia forms the plantar aponeurosis. 6 / 10 Which structure passes through the saphenous opening? A) Tibial Artery B) Great Saphenous Vein C) Lateral Malleolus Tendons D) Fibular Vein The great saphenous vein passes through the saphenous opening in the fascia lata. 7 / 10 What is the primary role of the plantar aponeurosis? A) Protects the interosseous muscles B) Flexes the toes C) Supports the plantar arch D) Dorsiflexes the ankle The plantar aponeurosis supports the plantar arch and stabilizes the foot during walking and standing. 8 / 10 What is the function of the iliotibial tract? A) Covers gracilis B) Stabilizes lateral thigh/knee C) Encases femoral artery D) Flexes the hip The iliotibial tract stabilizes the lateral aspect of the thigh and knee. 9 / 10 Which fascia encloses the saphenous vein? A) Popliteal Fascia B) Fascia Lata C) Cribriform Fascia D) Gluteal Fascia The cribriform fascia encloses the saphenous vein. 10 / 10 Which fascia forms the superior extensor retinaculum? A) Gluteal Fascia B) Plantar Aponeurosis C) Fascia Lata D) Crural Fascia The crural fascia forms the superior extensor retinaculum of the foot. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video is about the fascia of the pelvic region, thigh, leg, and foot, including their anatomical divisions and structures. Fascia of the Pelvic Region Iliac Fascia (Fascia Iliaca) Obturator Fascia (Fascia Obturatoria) Gluteal Fascia (Fascia Glutea) Fascia of the Thigh Fascia Lata Iliotibial Tract (Tractus Iliotibialis) Lateral Intermuscular Septum Anterior Intermuscular Septum Medial Intermuscular Septum Fibrous Sheath around Femoral Artery and Vein Fibrous Sheath around Iliotibial Tract Fibrous Sheath around Gracilis Fibrous Sheath around Sartorius Cribriform Fascia Saphenous Vein Saphenous Opening (Hiatus Saphenus) Fascia of the Leg Crural Fascia (Fascia Cruris) Anterior Intermuscular Septum Posterior Intermuscular Septum Deep Lamina (Lamina Profunda) Interosseous Membrane Popliteal Fascia Fascia of the Foot Extensor Retinacula Superior Extensor Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Extensorum Superius) Inferior Extensor Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Extensorum Inferius) Extensor Retinaculum Canals 1st Canal: Tendinous sheath of Tibialis Anterior (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Tibialis Anterioris) 2nd Canal: Tendinous sheath of Extensor Hallucis Longus (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Extensoris Hallucis Longi) 3rd Canal: Dorsalis Pedis Artery and Vein, Fibular Nerve 4th Canal: Tendinous sheath of Extensor Digitorum Longus (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Extensoris Digitorum Longi) Flexor Retinaculum Flexor Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Flexorum) Flexor Retinaculum Canals 1st Canal: Tendinous sheath of Tibialis Posterior (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Tibialis Posterioris) 2nd Canal: Tendinous sheath of Flexor Digitorum Longus (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Flexoris Digitorum Longi) 3rd Canal: Tibialis Posterior Artery and Vein, Tibial Nerve 4th Canal: Tendinous sheath of Flexor Hallucis Longus (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Flexoris Hallucis Longi) Fibular Retinacula Superior and Inferior Fibular Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Fibularium Superius et Inferius) Tendons of Fibularis Longus and Brevis Plantar Fascia Plantar Aponeurosis (Aponeurosis Plantaris) Fascia of the Foot: Cross Section Superficial Dorsal Fascia of Foot (Fascia Dorsalis Pedis Superficialis) Interosseous Dorsal Fascia of Foot (Fascia Dorsalis Pedis Interossea) Interosseous Plantar Fascia (Fascia Plantaris Interossea) Superficial Plantar Fascia (Fascia Plantaris Superficialis) Plantar Aponeurosis (Aponeurosis Plantaris) Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’re gonna take a look at the main fascia covering0:08structures in the lower extremity. Aight. So, the lower limb is covered in muscles, right?0:13These muscles are covered by fascia, separating these muscles into compartments,0:17as well as forming a smooth environment around the muscles for less friction during contraction.0:22So in this video, we’re first going to cover the fascia in the pelvic region, then we’ll do the0:27fascia of the thigh, then the fascia of the leg, and after that, we’ll cover the fascia of the0:32foot. So our goal for this video is to understand how the fascia is distributed in the lower limb.0:38And we’ll start with the fascia of the pelvic region.Fascia of the Pelvic Region0:40The first fascia we’re gonna talk about is called the Iliac Fascia, which cover the iliac muscle,0:45and on the distal part, where the Iliac muscle and Psoas major meet,0:49it’ll surround the union of these muscles, so it’s going to surround the iliopsoas muscle.0:55Then, you see the internal obturator muscle here? There’s gonna be a fascia that cover this muscle,1:00called the obturator fascia, so it covers the internal obturator muscle like this.1:06Now, let’s take a look at the butt. There’s gonna be fascia that
Muscles of the Foot
Muscles of the Foot (Groups, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Muscles of the Foot – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What is the insertion of the plantar interossei? A) Extensor Tendons of 3rd-5th Toes B) Proximal Phalanges (3rd-5th Medial Side) C) Base of Proximal Phalanges (1st Toe) D) Proximal Phalanges (2nd-4th Toes) The plantar interossei insert on the proximal phalanges of the 3rd-5th toes on the medial side. 2 / 10 What is the primary function of the dorsal interossei? A) Adduction of Toes B) Flexion of Proximal Phalanges C) Abduction of Toes D) Extension of Toes The dorsal interossei abduct the toes away from the 2nd toe. 3 / 10 What is the insertion of the lumbricals? A) Base of 5th Metatarsal B) Distal Phalanges of 2nd-5th Toes C) Proximal Phalanges + Extensor Tendons (2nd-5th Toes) D) Proximal Phalanx of 1st Toe The lumbricals insert on the proximal phalanges and extensor tendons of the 2nd-5th toes. 4 / 10 Which muscle abducts the 5th toe? A) Opponens Digiti Minimi B) Quadratus Plantae C) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis D) Abductor Digiti Minimi The abductor digiti minimi abducts and flexes the 5th toe. 5 / 10 Which lateral group muscle opposes the little toe? A) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis B) Opponens Digiti Minimi C) Adductor Hallucis D) Abductor Digiti Minimi The opponens digiti minimi adducts and opposes the little toe. 6 / 10 What is the insertion of the dorsal interossei? A) Proximal Phalanges (1st Toe) B) Proximal Phalanges (2nd-4th Toes) C) Distal Phalanges (2nd-4th Toes) D) Extensor Tendons of 2nd-4th Toes The dorsal interossei insert on the proximal phalanges of the 2nd-4th toes. 7 / 10 Which interossei muscle abducts the toes? A) Dorsal Interossei B) Lumbricals C) Flexor Hallucis Brevis D) Plantar Interossei The dorsal interossei abduct the toes, pulling them away from the 2nd toe. 8 / 10 What is the primary innervation of the medial foot muscles? A) Tibial Nerve B) Superficial Fibular Nerve C) Deep Fibular Nerve D) Lateral Plantar Nerve The tibial nerve innervates the medial group of foot muscles. 9 / 10 Which group of muscles maintains the longitudinal arch of the foot? A) Medial Group B) Interossei C) Lateral Group D) Middle Group The middle group, including the flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae, maintains the longitudinal arch. 10 / 10 What is the origin of the extensor digitorum brevis? A) Calcaneus B) Lateral Cuneiform C) Medial Cuneiform D) Base of 5th Metatarsal The extensor digitorum brevis originates from the calcaneus. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the foot, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Foot Dorsal Group [2] Medial Group [3] Lateral Group [3] Middle Group [2] Interossei [2] Lumbricals [1] Dorsal Group [2] Extensors of the toes, innervated by the deep fibular nerve. Extensor Digitorum Brevis (Musculus Extensor Digitorum Brevis) Origin: Calcaneus Insertion: Tendons of Extensor Digitorum Longus (2nd, 3rd, 4th Toes) Function: Extension of 2nd-4th Toes Extensor Hallucis Brevis (Musculus Extensor Hallucis Brevis) Origin: Calcaneus Insertion: Tendons of Extensor Hallucis Longus Function: Extension of Big Toe Medial Group [3] Innervated by the Tibial Nerve. Adductor Hallucis (Musculus Adductor Hallucis) Oblique Head Origin: Base of 2nd – 4th Metatarsal, Cuboid Bone, Lateral Cuneiform Transverse Head Origin: 3rd – 5th Metatarsophalangeal Joints Insertion: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Big Toe Function: Adduction + Flexion of Big Toe Flexor Hallucis Brevis (Musculus Flexor Hallucis Brevis) Origin: Medial Cuneiform, Long Plantar Ligament Insertion: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Big Toe Function: Flexion of the Big Toe Abductor Hallucis (Musculus Abductor Hallucis) Origin: Calcaneal Tuberosity (Tuber Calcanei) Insertion: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Big Toe Function: Abduction + Flexion of the Big Toe Lateral Group [3] Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Musculus Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis) Origin: Base of the 5th Metatarsal, Long Plantar Ligament Insertion: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Little Toe Function: Flexion of the Little Toe Opponens Digiti Minimi (Musculus Opponens Digiti Minimi) Origin: Base of the 5th Metatarsal, Long Plantar Ligament Insertion: Lateral Surface of the 5th Metatarsal Function: Adduction + Opposition of Little Toe Abductor Digiti Minimi (Musculus Abductor Digiti Minimi) Origin: Calcaneal Tuberosity, Base of the 5th Metatarsal Insertion: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Little Toe Function: Abduction + Flexion of Little Toe Middle Group [2] Maintain the longitudinal arch of the foot. Innervated by the lateral and medial plantar nerves. Flexor Digitorum Brevis (Musculus Flexor Digitorum Brevis) Origin: Calcaneal Tuberosity, Plantar Aponeurosis Insertion: Base of the Middle Phalanx of the 2nd – 5th Toes Function: Flexion of 2nd – 5th Toes at the Middle and Proximal Phalanx Quadratus Plantae (Musculus Quadratus Plantae) Origin: Calcaneal Tuberosity, Long Plantar Ligament Insertion: Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Longus Function: Participates in Flexion of Toes Interossei [2] Plantar Interossei (Musculi Interossei Plantares) Origin: Metatarsal Bones of 3rd – 5th Toe (Tibial Side) Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 3rd – 5th Toes (Medial Side) Function: Adduction of Toes (towards the 2nd Toe) Assist with Flexion of Toes Dorsal Interossei (Musculi Interossei Dorsales) Origin: Metatarsal Bones of 1st – 5th Toe Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 2nd – 4th Toes Function: Abduction of Toes (away from the 2nd Toe) Lumbricals [1] Lumbricals (Musculi Lumbricales Pedis) Origin: Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Longus Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanges of the 2nd-5th Toe (Medial Side) Extensor Tendons of the 4 Lateral Toes Function: Flexion of Proximal Phalanges Extension of Middle and Distal Phalanges Transcript Introduction0:01What’s up.0:04Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles of the foot.0:07Alright.0:08So, the muscles of the lower limb are divided into 4 parts according to their
Muscles of the Leg
Muscles of the Leg (Division, Origin, Insertion, Functions) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Muscles of the Leg – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which posterior leg muscle contributes to the Achilles tendon? A) Gastrocnemius B) Extensor Hallucis Longus C) Tibialis Posterior D) Flexor Hallucis Longus The gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris contribute to the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon. 2 / 10 What is the origin of the plantaris muscle? A) Tibial Tuberosity B) Lateral Condyle of Femur C) Soleal Line of Tibia D) Medial Epicondyle of Femur The plantaris muscle originates from the lateral condyle of the femur. 3 / 10 What is the origin of the soleus muscle? A) Posterior Surface of Calcaneus B) Medial Epicondyle of Femur C) Lateral Condyle of Femur D) Head of Fibula + Tibial Soleal Line The soleus originates from the head of the fibula, the posterior surface of the tibia (soleal line), and a tendinous arch. 4 / 10 Which anterior leg muscle extends the big toe? A) Extensor Digitorum Longus B) Flexor Hallucis Longus C) Tibialis Anterior D) Extensor Hallucis Longus The extensor hallucis longus extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion (foot extension). 5 / 10 What is the function of the tibialis posterior muscle? A) Pronation of Foot B) Abduction of Foot C) Dorsiflexion of Foot D) Flexion + Supination of Foot The tibialis posterior flexes the foot and assists in supination and adduction. 6 / 10 What group do the extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior belong to? A) Posterior Group B) Superficial Posterior Layer C) Anterior Group D) Lateral Group These muscles belong to the anterior compartment of the leg. 7 / 10 Which tendon passes under the flexor retinaculum? A) Fibularis Brevis B) Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon C) Tibialis Posterior Tendon D) Achilles Tendon The tendons of the posterior leg muscles, such as the tibialis posterior, pass under the flexor retinaculum. 8 / 10 What is the function of the soleus muscle? A) Flexion of Knee B) Supination of Foot C) Plantarflexion of Foot D) Dorsiflexion of Foot The soleus primarily plantarflexes the foot, contributing to walking and standing. 9 / 10 What is the function of the extensor hallucis longus? A) Extension of Big Toe B) Abduction of Foot C) Flexion of Big Toe D) Pronation of Foot The extensor hallucis longus extends the big toe and assists in foot dorsiflexion. 10 / 10 Which lateral leg muscle inserts into the base of the 1st metatarsal? A) Fibularis Longus B) Fibularis Brevis C) Plantaris D) Tibialis Anterior The fibularis longus inserts into the base of the 1st metatarsal bone and the medial cuneiform. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the leg, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Leg Anterior Group [3] Lateral Group [2] Posterior Group [6] – Deep + Superficial Layers Anterior Group [3] These muscles function as extensors of the leg. Their tendons pass under the extensor retinaculum. Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Extensor Hallucis Longus (Musculus Extensor Hallucis Longus) Origin: Medial Surface of Fibula Interosseous Membrane Insertion: Distal Phalanx of Big Toe (Phalanx Distalis Hallucis) Function: Extension of Big Toe Extension of Foot Supination + Adduction of Foot Extensor Digitorum Longus (Musculus Extensor Digitorum Longus) Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia Fibula Interosseous Membrane Insertion: Middle and Distal Phalanx of 2nd – 5th Toes 5th Metatarsal Bone Function: Extension of 2nd – 5th Toes Extension of Foot Tibialis Anterior (Musculus Tibialis Anterior) Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia Lateral Surface of Tibia Interosseous Membrane Insertion: Base of 1st Metatarsal Bone Medial Cuneiform Function: Extension of Foot Supination + Adduction of Foot Lateral Group [2] These muscles originate on the lateral surface of the fibula and run behind the lateral malleolus under the superior and inferior fibular retinaculum. Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve Fibularis Brevis (Musculus Fibularis Brevis) Origin: Fibula Insertion: Base of the 5th Metatarsal Bone Function: Flexion of Foot Pronation + Abduction of Foot Fibularis Longus (Musculus Fibularis Longus) Origin: Head and Body of Fibula Insertion: Base of the 1st Metatarsal Bone Medial Cuneiform (Plantar Surface) Function: Flexion of Foot Pronation + Abduction of Foot Posterior Group [6] Deep Layer These muscles run behind the medial malleolus under the flexor retinaculum. Innervation: Tibial Nerve Popliteus (Musculus Popliteus) Origin: Lateral Condyle of Femur Insertion: Posterior Surface of Tibia (above Soleal Line) Function: Flexion + Internal Rotation of Leg Superficial Layer Triceps Surae (Musculus Triceps Surae) Soleus Origin: Head of Fibula, Tibia (Soleal Line + Posterior Surface), Tendinous Arch of Soleus Medial Head of Gastrocnemius Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Femur Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Femur Insertion: Achilles/Calcaneal Tendon → Calcaneal Tuberosity Function: Flexion of Foot Flexion of Leg (Gastrocnemius) Stabilizes Knee Joint Plantaris (Musculus Plantaris) Origin: Lateral Condyle of Femur Insertion: Achilles/Calcaneal Tendon → Calcaneal Tuberosity Function: Flexion of Foot Flexion of Leg Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles of the Leg. Alright. So,0:08the muscles of the lower limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical location.0:13The first group are muscles of the Hip Joint. Then we have the muscles of the Thigh, muscles0:18of the Leg and then the muscles of the Foot. So again, the muscles of the Leg are whatDivision of the Leg Muscles0:22we’re gonna focus on in this video. And they’re divided into three main groups based on their0:27anatomical location. They’re divided into the Anterior group, which consist of 3 muscles.0:32We have the Lateral group of 2 muscles, and the Posterior group of 6 muscles layered as deep and0:38superficial. So let’s work our way through all of the muscles, starting with the anterior group.Anterior Group0:43Awesome. Ok. So the muscles
Muscles of the Thigh
Muscles of the Thigh (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Muscles of the Thigh – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which muscle of the thigh is the longest muscle in the body? A) Semitendinosus B) Rectus Femoris C) Sartorius D) Gracilis The sartorius is the longest muscle in the body, running along the length of the thigh. 2 / 10 What is the function of the adductor magnus muscle? A) Adduction + Extension of Thigh B) Flexion of the Leg C) Abduction + External Rotation of Thigh D) Extension of the Leg The adductor magnus performs adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the thigh. 3 / 10 What is the action of the pectineus muscle? A) Extension of the Leg B) External Rotation of the Leg C) Adduction + Flexion of Thigh D) Abduction of the Thigh The pectineus performs adduction, flexion, and external rotation of the thigh. 4 / 10 What is the function of the gluteus maximus during hip extension? A) Flexion of the Hip B) Internal Rotation of the Hip C) Adduction of the Thigh D) Extension of the Hip The gluteus maximus is a powerful hip extensor, especially during climbing or standing up from a sitting position. 5 / 10 Where does the gracilis muscle insert? A) Tibial Tuberosity B) Head of Fibula C) Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera D) Medial Lip of Linea Aspera The gracilis muscle inserts into the tibial tuberosity. 6 / 10 What is the insertion of the biceps femoris muscle? A) Head of Fibula B) Medial Lip of Linea Aspera C) Tibial Tuberosity D) Medial Condyle of Tibia The biceps femoris inserts into the head of the fibula. 7 / 10 What is the insertion of the pectineus muscle? A) Medial Lip of Linea Aspera B) Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera C) Pectineal Line of Femur D) Tibial Tuberosity The pectineus inserts into the pectineal line of the femur. 8 / 10 Which posterior thigh muscle is innervated by the sciatic nerve? A) Sartorius B) Gracilis C) Pectineus D) Semitendinosus All posterior thigh muscles, including the semitendinosus, are innervated by the sciatic nerve. 9 / 10 Which medial thigh muscle originates from the pecten pubis? A) Adductor Brevis B) Pectineus C) Adductor Longus D) Gracilis The pectineus originates from the pecten pubis and inserts into the pectineal line of the femur. 10 / 10 What is the origin of the rectus femoris muscle? A) Medial Lip of Linea Aspera B) Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera C) Tibial Tuberosity D) Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine The rectus femoris originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS). Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the thigh, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Thigh Anterior Group [2] Medial Group [5] Posterior Group [3] Anterior Group [2] These muscles cover the entire anterior surface of the thigh. Common Innervation: Femoral Nerve Quadriceps Femoris (Musculus Quadriceps Femoris) Rectus Femoris Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Vastus Lateralis Origin: Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera Vastus Medialis Origin: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera Vastus Intermedius Origin: Anterior Surface of Femur Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity through Patellar Ligament Function: Extension of the Leg Flexion of Femur Sartorius (Musculus Sartorius) Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity (Tuberositas Tibiae) Function: Flexion of Thigh and Leg External Rotation of Thigh Internal Rotation of Leg Medial Group [5] Pectineus (Musculus Pectineus) Origin: Pecten Pubis Insertion: Pectineal Line of Femur Function: Adduction + Flexion of Thigh External Rotation of Thigh Adductor Brevis (Musculus Adductor Brevis) Origin: Inferior Pubic Ramus (Ramus Inferior Ossis Pubis) Insertion: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera (Labium Mediale Linea Aspera) Function: Adduction + Flexion of Thigh External Rotation of Thigh Adductor Longus (Musculus Adductor Longus) Origin: Between Pubic Symphysis and Pubic Tubercle Insertion: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera (Labium Mediale Linea Aspera) Function: Adduction + Flexion of Thigh External Rotation of Thigh Adductor Magnus (Musculus Adductor Magnus) Origin: Inferior Pubic Ramus Ischial Ramus Ischial Tuberosity Insertion: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera Medial Epicondyle of Femur Function: Adduction + Extension of Thigh Internal Rotation of Thigh Gracilis (Musculus Gracilis) Origin: Inferior Pubic Ramus Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity (Tuberositas Tibiae) Function: Adduction of Thigh Flexion of Leg Internal Rotation of Leg Posterior Group [3] These muscles extend the hip joint and flex the knee joint. Common Innervation: Sciatic Nerve Biceps Femoris (Musculus Biceps Femoris) Long Head Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum) Short Head Origin: Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera Insertion: Head of Fibula (Caput Fibulae) Function: Flexion of the Leg External Rotation of the Leg Extension of the Thigh (Long Head) Semitendinosus (Musculus Semitendinosus) Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum) Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity (Tuberositas Tibiae) Function: Flexion of the Leg Internal Rotation of the Leg Extension of the Thigh Semimembranosus (Musculus Semimembranosus) Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum) Insertion: Medial Condyle of Tibia (Condylus Medialis Tibiae) Function: Flexion of the Leg Internal Rotation of the Leg Extension of the Thigh Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles you’ll find in the region0:08of the thigh, which as you know are a part of the muscles of the lower limb. Alright. So the0:13muscles of the lower limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical location.0:18The first group are muscles of the Hip Joint. Then we have the muscles of the Thigh, muscles0:22of the Leg and then the muscles of the Foot. So again, muscles of the Thigh are what we’reDivision of the Thigh Muscles0:27gonna focus on today. And they’re divided into three main groups based ont heir anatomical0:32location. We have the Anterior group, which consist of 2 muscles. We have the Medial0:37group of 5 muscles,
Muscles of the Hip
Muscles of the Hip (Groups, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Muscles of the Hip – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What is the primary function of the tensor fasciae latae? A) Stabilizing the Knee Joint B) Flexion of the Trunk C) Abduction of the Thigh D) External Rotation of Femur The tensor fasciae latae tenses the iliotibial tract to stabilize the knee joint. 2 / 10 Which muscle of the hip originates from the ischial spine? A) Gluteus Minimus B) Gemellus Superior C) Quadratus Femoris D) Obturator Externus The gemellus superior originates from the ischial spine and inserts at the greater trochanter. 3 / 10 Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum (S2-S4)? A) Piriformis B) Quadratus Femoris C) Gemellus Superior D) Obturator Internus The piriformis originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum and inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur. 4 / 10 Where does the obturator externus muscle originate? A) Obturator Membrane (External Surface) B) Trochanteric Crest C) Ischial Spine D) Lesser Trochanter The obturator externus originates from the external surface of the obturator membrane. 5 / 10 What is the insertion of the gemellus superior muscle? A) Greater Trochanter B) Ischial Spine C) Lesser Trochanter D) Trochanteric Fossa The gemellus superior inserts at the greater trochanter of the femur. 6 / 10 What is the primary function of the gluteus maximus muscle? A) Adduction B) Flexion C) Extension + Abduction D) Internal Rotation The gluteus maximus extends and abducts the femur while aiding in external rotation. 7 / 10 Where does the gluteus maximus muscle insert? A) Gluteal Tuberosity + Iliotibial Tract B) Lesser Trochanter C) Greater Trochanter D) Iliac Crest The gluteus maximus inserts on the gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the iliotibial tract. 8 / 10 Which gluteal muscle aids in internal rotation of the femur? A) Tensor Fasciae Latae B) Gluteus Maximus C) Gluteus Minimus D) Gluteus Medius The anterior fibers of the gluteus medius perform internal rotation of the femur. 9 / 10 What is the insertion of the iliopsoas muscle? A) Iliac Crest B) Lesser Trochanter C) Greater Trochanter D) Gluteal Tuberosity The iliopsoas muscle inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur. 10 / 10 Which muscle forms part of the pelvicotrochantic group? A) Psoas Major B) Obturator Internus C) Gluteus Maximus D) Tensor Fasciae Latae The obturator internus belongs to the pelvicotrochantic group, stabilizing the hip joint. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the hip joint, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Hip Joint Anterior Group [3] Posterior Group [10] – Deep + Superficial Layers Anterior Group Iliacus (Musculus Iliacus) Origin: Iliac Fossa Psoas Major (Musculus Psoas Major) Origin: Vertebral Bodies of T12-L5 Iliopsoas (Musculus Iliopsoas) Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Minor) Function: Flexion + Adduction of Femur External Rotation of Femur Flexion of Trunk Psoas Minor (Musculus Psoas Minor) Origin: Vertebral Bodies of T12-L1 Insertion: Iliopubic Eminence (Eminentia Iliopubica) Function: Flexion of Trunk Posterior Group Deep Muscles (“Pelvitrochanteric Muscles”) These muscles insert around the greater trochanter, maintaining hip joint stability and posture. Piriformis (Musculus Piriformis) Origin: Anterior Surface of Sacrum (S2-S4) Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major) Function: External Rotation of Thigh Abduction of Thigh Obturator Internus (Musculus Obturatorius Internus) Origin: Inner Surface of Obturator Membrane Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major) Function: External Rotation of Thigh Abduction of Thigh Gemellus Superior (Musculus Gemellus Superior) Origin: Ischial Spine (Spina Ischiadica) Gemellus Inferior (Musculus Gemellus Inferior) Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum) Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major) Function: External Rotation of Thigh Quadratus Femoris (Musculus Quadratus Femoris) Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum) Insertion: Intertrochanteric Crest (Crista Intertrochanterica) Function: External Rotation of Thigh Adduction of Thigh Obturator Externus (Musculus Obturatorius Externus) Origin: External Surface of Obturator Membrane Insertion: Trochanteric Fossa (Fossa Trochanterica) Function: External Rotation of Thigh Accessory Flexion Superficial Muscles [4] These muscles assist in standing up from a sitting position, climbing stairs, and preventing hip deviation. Gluteus Minimus (Musculus Gluteus Minimus) Origin: Gluteal Surface of Ilium (between Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines) Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major) Function: Abduction of Femur Anterior Fibers: Internal Rotation Posterior Fibers: External Rotation Gluteus Medius (Musculus Gluteus Medius) Origin: Gluteal Surface of Ilium (between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines) Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major) Function: Abduction of Femur Anterior Fibers: Internal Rotation Posterior Fibers: External Rotation Gluteus Maximus (Musculus Gluteus Maximus) Origin: Gluteal Surface of Ilium (behind Posterior Gluteal Line) Posterior Surface of Sacrum and Coccyx Sacrotuberal Ligament Thoracolumbar Fascia Insertion: Gluteal Tuberosity of Femur Iliotibial Tract Function: Abduction + Extension of Femur External Rotation Tensor Fasciae Latae (Musculus Tensor Fasciae Latae) Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Insertion: Continues into the Iliotibial Tract, Tubercle of Iliotibial Tract Function: Tenses Iliotibial Tract to “Lock” the Knee Joint Flexion of Femur Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles of the Hip Joint,0:08which as you know are a part of the muscles of the lower limb. Alright. So the muscles of0:12the lower limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical location.0:17The first group are muscles of the Hip Joint. Then we have the muscles of the Thigh, muscles0:23of the Leg and then the muscles of the Foot. So again, muscles of the Hip Joint are whatDivision of the Hip Muscles0:27we’re gonna focus on today. And they’re divided into two main groups. We have the Anterior group,0:33which consist of 3 muscles. and the Posterior group consisting of 10 muscles in total,0:39divided as deep and superficial layers. So let’s work our way through all of the0:44muscles here, starting with
Fascia of the Upper Limb
Fascia of the Shoulder, Arm, Forearm and Hand (Septa, Compartments, Sheath) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Members Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Members Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Fascia of the Upper Limb – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What structures are found in the lateral compartment of the forearm? A) Brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis B) Palmaris longus C) Extensor digitorum D) Pronator teres The lateral compartment contains muscles like brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis. 2 / 10 What structures are enclosed within the tendinous sheath of the flexor pollicis longus? A) Flexor pollicis longus B) Extensor pollicis brevis C) Flexor digitorum profundus D) Abductor pollicis longus The tendinous sheath of flexor pollicis longus encloses its tendon, which passes through the carpal tunnel. 3 / 10 What are the primary compartments formed by the brachial fascia? A) Lateral and medial compartments B) Deep and superficial compartments C) Anterior and posterior compartments D) Flexor and extensor compartments The brachial fascia separates the flexor and extensor compartments in the arm. 4 / 10 What is the primary role of the antebrachial fascia? A) Stabilizes and separates forearm muscles B) Supports humeral muscles C) Envelops hand muscles D) Stabilizes shoulder muscles The antebrachial fascia stabilizes and separates the forearm muscles into compartments. 5 / 10 What is the anatomical function of the intermuscular septa in the arm? A) Divide arm compartments B) Enclose the biceps brachii C) Support the humeral head D) Stabilize the brachial plexus The intermuscular septa separate the flexor and extensor compartments. 6 / 10 What is the primary structure passing through the 3rd compartment of the extensor retinaculum? A) Extensor indicis B) Extensor pollicis longus C) Extensor digitorum D) Abductor pollicis longus The 3rd compartment contains the tendon of extensor pollicis longus. 7 / 10 What is the primary anatomical role of the palmar aponeurosis? A) Separates compartments of the hand B) Stabilizes the palm's skin C) Covers the wrist tendons D) Encloses the carpal bones The palmar aponeurosis supports and stabilizes the skin of the palm. 8 / 10 Which fascia encloses the triceps muscle? A) Pectoral fascia B) Brachial fascia C) Antebrachial fascia D) Clavipectoral fascia The brachial fascia encloses the triceps within the extensor compartment. 9 / 10 What is the anatomical location of the extensor retinaculum? A) Dorsal wrist B) Anterior forearm C) Posterior forearm D) Palmar wrist The extensor retinaculum is located over the dorsal wrist, stabilizing extensor tendons. 10 / 10 What is the origin of the flexor retinaculum? A) Radius and ulna B) Palmar aponeurosis C) Dorsal wrist ligaments D) Scaphoid, trapezium, pisiform, and hamate The flexor retinaculum originates from the scaphoid and trapezium laterally and the pisiform and hamate medially. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the fascia of the upper limb, including its types, functions, and anatomical distribution in the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand. Fascia Functions Stabilizes and separates muscles from other internal organs Forms compartments Passage for nerves, blood vessels, and lymph Storage medium for fat and water Three Types of Fascia Superficial Fascia Deep Fascia Visceral Fascia Fascia of the Shoulder Deltoid Fascia Pectoral Fascia Infraspinatus Fascia Supraspinatus Fascia Fascia of the Arm Brachial Fascia (Fascia Brachii) Medial Intermuscular Septa (Septum Intermusculare Mediale) Lateral Intermuscular Septa (Septum Intermusculare Laterale) Deep Lamina (Lamina Profunda) Flexor Compartment Extensor Compartment Vagina Osteofibrosa Extensorum Triceps Muscle Vagina Osteofibrosa Flexorum Coracobrachialis Brachialis Vagina Fibrosa Flexorum Biceps Brachii Fascia of the Forearm Antebrachial Fascia (Fascia Antebrachii) Deep Lamina (Lamina Profunda) Posterior Intermuscular Septum (Septum Intermusculare Posterior) Anterior Intermuscular Septum (Septum Intermusculare Anterior) Lateral Compartment Posterior Compartment Anterior Compartment Interosseous Membrane Vagina Osteofibrosa Lateralis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradialis Vagina Osteofibrosa Posterior Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Abductor Pollicis Longus Vagina Osteofibrosa Anterior Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Vagina Fibrosa Antebrachii Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Fascia of the Hand Flexor Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Flexorum) Extensor Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Extensorum) Palmar Aponeurosis (Aponeurosis Palmaris) Superficial Dorsal Fascia (Fascia Dorsalis Superficialis) Dorsal Tendinous Sheaths 1 – Tendinous sheath of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis 2 – Tendinous sheath of extensores carpi radiales 3 – Tendinous sheath of extensor pollicis longus 4 – Tendinous sheath of extensor digitorum and extensor indicis 5 – Tendinous sheath of extensor digiti minimi 6 – Tendinous sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris Carpal Canal (Canalis Carpi) 1 – Tendinous sheath of flexor carpi radialis 2 – Tendinous sheath of flexor pollicis longus 3 – Common flexor sheath (for flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus) 3.1 – Middle carpal sac (Saccus Carpi Medius) Ulnar Canal (Canalis Ulnaris / Guyon’s Canal) 5 – Ulnar Artery 6 – Ulnar Veins 7 – Ulnar Nerve Transcript Introduction0:00What’s up.0:04Meditay here and in this video, we’re gonna take a look at the main fascia covering structures0:09in the upper extremity.What is a Fascia?0:10But first, we need to answer the questions: what is a fascia is?0:13And how do we categorize them?0:15So a fascia is just a connective tissue surrounding structures within the body.0:20So here is a muscle, just a raw muscle within our body.0:23And here is a fascia.0:24It surrounds the muscle.0:26Now why do we need them?0:28Well one thing is that fascia stabilizes and separates muscles from other internal organs.0:34Fascia form compartments.0:36Specially in clinics if you get patients with edema within the compartment that the fascia0:40forms, we’ll get the so-called compartment syndrome, which could be very dangerous as0:45blood supply may get cut off due to the pressure.0:48Fascia also forms a passage for nerves, blood vessels and lymph.0:52And this is also important to keep in mind.0:54Specially in people with chronic muscle pain.0:56It doesn’t necessarily have to be your muscle that’s ill, it could be the fascia.1:00So, stretching exercises
Muscles of the Hand
Muscles of the Hand (Division, Origin, Insertion, Functions) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Muscles of the Hand – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Where do the dorsal interossei muscles insert? A) Metacarpals B) Proximal phalanges of 2nd-4th fingers C) Distal phalanges D) Middle phalanges The dorsal interossei muscles insert into the proximal phalanges of the 2nd-4th fingers. 2 / 10 What is the primary function of the palmar interossei muscles? A) Adduction of fingers B) Flexion of phalanges C) Extension of fingers D) Abduction of fingers The palmar interossei muscles adduct fingers towards the 3rd finger. 3 / 10 What is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi? A) Flexor retinaculum and trapezium B) Flexor retinaculum and metacarpal V C) Flexor retinaculum and pisiform D) Flexor retinaculum and hamate The abductor digiti minimi originates from the flexor retinaculum and pisiform bone. 4 / 10 What is the function of the dorsal interossei muscles? A) Extension of fingers B) Flexion of fingers C) Adduction of fingers D) Abduction of fingers The dorsal interossei muscles abduct the fingers, moving them away from the 3rd finger. 5 / 10 Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis originate? A) Flexor retinaculum and hamate B) Pisiform C) Palmar aponeurosis D) Scaphoid The flexor digiti minimi brevis originates from the flexor retinaculum and hamate. 6 / 10 Which muscle abducts the thumb and inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx? A) Abductor pollicis brevis B) Flexor pollicis brevis C) Opponens pollicis D) Adductor pollicis The abductor pollicis brevis abducts the thumb and inserts into the proximal phalanx. 7 / 10 Where do the lumbricals insert? A) Distal phalanges B) Proximal phalanges C) Extensor expansions of fingers D) Metacarpals The lumbricals insert into the extensor expansions of the fingers. 8 / 10 Which muscle abducts the thumb and originates from the flexor retinaculum? A) Abductor pollicis brevis B) Opponens pollicis C) Adductor pollicis D) Flexor pollicis brevis The abductor pollicis brevis abducts the thumb and originates from the flexor retinaculum. 9 / 10 What is the insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis? A) Base of proximal phalanx of little finger B) Pisiform C) Hamatum D) 5th metacarpal The flexor digiti minimi brevis inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger. 10 / 10 What is the function of the flexor digiti minimi brevis? A) Abduction of little finger B) Flexion of little finger C) Extension of little finger D) Adduction of little finger The flexor digiti minimi brevis flexes the little finger. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the hand, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Hand Muscles of Thenar Eminence Muscles of Hypothenar Eminence Middle Hand Muscles Interossei Muscles Lumbrical Muscles Thenar Muscles Opponens Pollicis (Musculus Opponens Pollicis) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum and Trapezium Insertion: Base of 1st Metacarpal Bone (Basis Ossis Metacarpalis I) Function: Opposition and Flexion of Thumb Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Musculus Flexor Pollicis Brevis) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum Deeper Part: Trapezium, Trapezoideum Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb (Basis Phalangis Proximalis Pollicis) Function: Opposition + Flexion of the Thumb Adductor Pollicis (Musculus Adductor Pollicis) Origin: Oblique Head: Capitate + Base of 2nd/3rd Metacarpal Transverse Head: 3rd Metacarpal Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb (Basis Phalangis Proximalis Pollicis) Function: Adduction of the Thumb Abductor Pollicis Brevis (Musculus Abductor Pollicis Brevis) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb (Basis Phalangis Proximalis Pollicis) Function: Abduction of Thumb Hypothenar Muscles Opponens Digiti Minimi (Musculus Opponens Digiti Minimi) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum + Hamatum Insertion: 5th Metacarpal Bone (Os Metacarpale V) Function: Opposition of Little Finger Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Musculus Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum + Hamatum Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of Little Finger (Basis Phalangis Proximalis Digiti Minimi) Function: Flexion of Little Finger Abductor Digiti Minimi (Musculus Abductor Digiti Minimi) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum + Pisiform Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of Little Finger (Basis Phalangis Proximalis Digiti Minimi) Function: Abduction of Little Finger Palmaris Brevis (Musculus Palmaris Brevis) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum + Palmar Aponeurosis Insertion: Skin of the Palm on the Ulnar Side Function: Pulls the Skin and Produces Wrinkles on the Hypothenar Side Middle Hand Muscles Palmar Interossei (Musculi Interossei Palmares) Origin: 2nd Metacarpal – Medial Side 4th Metacarpal – Lateral Side 5th Metacarpal – Lateral Side Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 2nd, 4th, and 5th Fingers Function: Adduction of Fingers – Pulls 2nd, 4th, and 5th Fingers Towards the 3rd Finger Dorsal Interossei (Musculi Interossei Dorsales) Origin: Between the Metacarpal Bones of 1st to 5th Fingers Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 2nd-4th Fingers Function: Abduction of Fingers – Pulls 2nd and 4th Fingers Away from the 3rd Finger Lumbricals (Musculi Lumbricales) Origin: Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 2nd-5th Fingers Function: Flexion of Proximal Phalanges Extension of Middle and Distal Phalanges Transcript Introduction0:01What’s up.0:04Meditay here and in this segment, we’ll be covering the muscles of the hand.0:07Alright.0:08So, the muscles of the upper limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical0:13location.0:14The first group are muscles of the shoulder joint.0:16Then we have the muscles of the arm, muscles of the forearm and then the muscles of the0:20hand.Division of the Hand Muscles0:21So again, the muscles of the hand are what we’re gonna focus on.0:25Now.0:26Muscles of the hand are divided into specific regions.0:29Some sources might differ in classification of them, but all the muscles are the same.0:34So muscles of the hand can be divided into the Thermal Muscles, for the thumb, Hypothermal0:40muscles for the pinky, and the middle hand muscles, which can be divided into interossei0:46muscles and lumbrical muscles.0:48So these are the muscles we’re gonna try to
Muscles of the Forearm
Muscles of the Forearm (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Muscles of the Forearm – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which muscle is part of the posterior superficial layer of the forearm and extends the 5th finger? A) Extensor digitorum B) Abductor pollicis longus C) Extensor carpi ulnaris D) Extensor digiti minimi The extensor digiti minimi is part of the posterior superficial layer of the forearm and extends the 5th finger. 2 / 10 Which muscle abducts the thumb and originates from the posterior surface of the radius and ulna? A) Abductor pollicis longus B) Extensor pollicis longus C) Flexor pollicis longus D) Extensor pollicis brevis The abductor pollicis longus abducts the thumb and originates from the posterior surface of the radius and ulna. 3 / 10 Where does the extensor pollicis brevis originate? A) Anterior surface of radius B) Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane C) Posterior surface of humerus D) Posterior surface of ulna The extensor pollicis brevis originates from the posterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane. 4 / 10 What is the function of the flexor digitorum profundus? A) Extension of fingers B) Flexion of 2nd-5th fingers C) Pronation D) Supination The flexor digitorum profundus flexes the 2nd-5th fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints and assists in hand flexion. 5 / 10 Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the ulna and inserts on the anterior surface of the radius? A) Supinator B) Brachioradialis C) Pronator teres D) Pronator quadratus The pronator quadratus originates from the anterior surface of the ulna and inserts on the anterior surface of the radius. 6 / 10 What is the insertion point of the extensor carpi radialis brevis? A) Base of 3rd metacarpal B) Palmar aponeurosis C) Base of 2nd metacarpal D) Base of 5th metacarpal The extensor carpi radialis brevis inserts into the base of the 3rd metacarpal. 7 / 10 Which muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the base of the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th fingers? A) Extensor pollicis longus B) Abductor pollicis longus C) Flexor digitorum profundus D) Extensor digitorum The extensor digitorum originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the base of the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th fingers. 8 / 10 Which muscle originates from the lateral margin of the humerus and inserts above the styloid process of the radius? A) Brachioradialis B) Extensor digitorum C) Supinator D) Pronator quadratus The brachioradialis originates from the lateral margin of the humerus and inserts above the styloid process of the radius. 9 / 10 Where does the pronator teres insert? A) Posterior surface of radius B) Styloid process of radius C) Anterior surface of ulna D) Anterolateral surface of radius The pronator teres inserts into the anterolateral surface of the radius. 10 / 10 What is the insertion point of the extensor indicis? A) Palmar aponeurosis B) Base of 5th metacarpal C) Base of proximal phalanx D) Base of middle/distal phalanges of 2nd finger The extensor indicis inserts into the base of the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd finger. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the forearm, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Forearm Anterior (Flexor) Group Lateral (Radial) Group Posterior (Extensor) Group Anterior (Flexor) Group 1st Layer Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 2nd Layer Flexor Digitorum Superficialis 3rd Layer Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus 4th Layer Pronator Quadratus Pronator Quadratus (Musculus Pronator Quadratus) Origin: Anterior surface of Ulna Insertion: Anterior surface of Radius Function: Pronation of forearm Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Musculus Flexor Digitorum Profundus) Origin: Anterior surface of Ulna Insertion: Base of distal phalanges (2-5 fingers) (Basis Phalangis Distalis II-V) Function: Flexion of 2-5th fingers at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints Accessory flexion of hand Lateral (Radial) Group Superficial Layer Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Deep Layer Supinator Supinator (Musculus Supinator) Origin: Lateral Epicondyle, Radial Collateral Ligament, Ulna Insertion: Lateral Surface of Radius Function: Supination of forearm Posterior (Extensor) Group Superficial Layer Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Deep Layer Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Extensor Indicis Abductor Pollicis Longus (Musculus Abductor Pollicis Longus) Origin: Posterior surface of Ulna/Radius, Interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal Function: Abduction of thumb Extensor Pollicis Brevis (Musculus Extensor Pollicis Brevis) Origin: Posterior surface of Radius, Interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Function: Extension and abduction of thumb Extensor Indicis (Musculus Extensor Indicis) Origin: Posterior surface of Ulna, Interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of middle/distal phalanx of index finger Function: Extension of index finger (2nd finger) Extensor Digitorum (Musculus Extensor Digitorum) Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Base of middle and distal phalanges of 2-5th fingers Function: Abduction of fingers Extension of hand Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and now we’ll be covering the muscles of the forearm, which as you know0:08are a part of the upper limb. Alright. So, the muscles of the upper limb are divided into 40:13parts according to their anatomical location. The first group are muscles of the shoulder joint.0:18Then we have the muscles of the arm, muscles of the forearm and then the muscles of the hand.Division of the Forearm Muscles0:23So again, muscles of the forearm are what we’re gonna focus on.0:26And they’re divided into two main groups. We have the Anterior group, or the flexor muscles. We0:32have he Lateral group on the radial side, and we have the posterior group, the extensors. So let’s0:38work our way through all of the muscles here, starting with the anterior group.Anterior (Flexor) Group0:43Alright. So
Muscles of the Arm
Muscles of the Arm (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Muscles of the Arm – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What is the function of the coracobrachialis muscle? A) Supination B) Extension C) Flexion, adduction, and internal rotation D) Abduction The coracobrachialis flexes, adducts, and internally rotates the arm. 2 / 10 What is the primary function of the long head of the triceps brachii? A) Supination B) Abduction C) Extension and adduction D) Flexion The long head of the triceps brachii extends and adducts the arm. 3 / 10 Where does the triceps brachii insert? A) Coronoid process B) Olecranon of ulna C) Radial tuberosity D) Diaphysis of humerus The triceps brachii inserts into the olecranon of the ulna. 4 / 10 What is the primary function of the brachialis muscle? A) Abduction of arm B) Internal rotation C) Extension of forearm D) Flexion of forearm The brachialis is responsible for flexion of the forearm. 5 / 10 What is the function of the coracobrachialis muscle? A) Supination B) Extension of forearm C) Flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of arm D) Abduction The coracobrachialis flexes, adducts, and internally rotates the arm. 6 / 10 Which muscle is part of the posterior (extensor) group of the arm? A) Coracobrachialis B) Brachialis C) Triceps brachii D) Biceps brachii The triceps brachii is part of the posterior (extensor) group of the arm. 7 / 10 Where does the anconeus muscle insert? A) Olecranon B) Tuberosity of ulna C) Radial tuberosity D) Proximal epiphysis of ulna The anconeus inserts into the proximal epiphysis of the ulna. 8 / 10 Which muscle stabilizes the shoulder joint and inserts into the olecranon of the ulna? A) Triceps brachii B) Coracobrachialis C) Brachialis D) Anconeus The triceps brachii stabilizes the shoulder joint and inserts into the olecranon of the ulna. 9 / 10 What is the origin of the coracobrachialis muscle? A) Infraglenoid tubercle B) Supraglenoid tubercle C) Coracoid process D) Olecranon The coracobrachialis muscle originates from the coracoid process of the scapula. 10 / 10 Which muscle has an origin on the coracoid process and inserts into the anterior humerus? A) Brachialis B) Triceps brachii C) Coracobrachialis D) Biceps brachii The coracobrachialis originates on the coracoid process and inserts into the anterior humerus. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the arm, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Arm Anterior (Flexor) Group [3] Posterior (Extensor) Group [2] Anterior (Flexor) Group [3] Brachialis (Musculus Brachialis) Origin: Anterior diaphysis of the humerus Insertion: Tuberosity of Ulna (Tuberositas Ulnae) Function: Flexion Coracobrachialis (Musculus Coracobrachialis) Origin: Coracoid Process (Processus Coracoideus Scapulae) Insertion: Anterior diaphysis of the humerus Function: Flexion, Adduction, and Internal Rotation Biceps Brachii (Musculus Biceps Brachii) Long Head Origin: Supraglenoid Tubercle (Tuberculum Supraglenoidale Scapulae) Short Head Origin: Coracoid Process (Processus Coracoideus Scapulae) Insertion: Radial Tuberosity (Tuberositas Radii) Function: Flexion + Supination of Forearm Flexion + Abduction of Arm Posterior (Extensor) Group [2] Anconeus (Musculus Anconeus) Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus (Epicondylus Lateralis Humeri) Insertion: Proximal Epiphysis of the Ulna Function: Extension of Lower Arm Triceps Brachii (Musculus Triceps Brachii) Medial Head Origin: Diaphysis of Humerus Lateral Head Origin: Diaphysis of Humerus Long Head Origin: Infraglenoid Tubercle Insertion: Olecranon of Ulna Function: Extension of Forearm Extension + Adduction of Arm Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles of the arm,0:08which as you know are a part of the upper limb. Alright. So the muscles of0:11the upper limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical location.0:16The first group are muscles of the shoulder joint. Then we have the muscles of the arm, muscles of0:21the forearm and then the muscles of the hand. So again, muscles of the arm are what we’re gonnaDivision of the Arm Muscles0:26focus on today. And they’re divided into two main groups. We have th Anterior group, which are also0:32called flexor muscles, there are 3 muscles there. And Posterior group, or the extensor muscles.0:38These are two muscles here in the posterior region.0:41So let’s do the anterior group first. Alright. The first muscle of the anteriorBrachialis0:45group is the brachialis muscle, which is here. This muscle originates from the Anterior0:50Diaphysis of the Humerus, and insert at the Tuberosity of the Ulna, as you see here.0:55And when this muscle contracts, it pulls the ulna upwards and flexes the lower arm.Coracobrachialis1:00The next muscle is the coracobrachialis muscle. Which is here.1:04And as the name says, it originates from the Coracoid process of the Scapula,1:09and insert at the anterior diaphysis of the humerus. And when the fibers of this muscle1:14contract, it flexes the arm, adducts the arm, and also internally rotate the arm.1:20The last muscle of the anterior group is the Biceps brachii muscle, which is here. It’s calledBiceps Brachii1:26Bi-ceps, so it consist of two parts. It consists of a Long head, as you see here, and a short head.1:32The long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle, and the short head originates from1:37the coracoid process of the scapula. The two heads then unite to insert at1:42the radial tuberosity on the radius, as you see here. This muscle is responsible1:47for flexion and supination of the forearm, and also flexion and abduction of the arm.1:53So that was the three muscles of the flexor group. Next, we have the Posterior, or extensor group,1:59so let’s go ahead and look at the posterior view of the arm.Anconeus2:02The first one is the Anconeus. Which is here. Down here.2:06It originates from the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus and insert at the Epiphysis2:11of the Ulna. And when it contracts, it pulls the lower arm back to extend it.Triceps Brachii2:17The last muscle is called Triceps Brachii.