Parasympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System (Craniosacral Outflow) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Members Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Members Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Parasympathetic Nervous System – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What is the main parasympathetic output of the vagus nerve? A) Body wall and limbs B) Lacrimal glands C) Thoracic and abdominal organs D) Salivary glands The vagus nerve (CN X) supplies parasympathetic fibers to thoracic and abdominal organs. 2 / 10 What is the primary neurotransmitter at parasympathetic ganglionic synapses? A) Dopamine B) Acetylcholine C) Serotonin D) Norepinephrine Acetylcholine (ACh) is the primary neurotransmitter at parasympathetic ganglionic synapses. 3 / 10 Which cranial nerve originates from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus? A) Vagus nerve (CN X) B) Facial nerve (CN VII) C) Oculomotor nerve (CN III) D) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) The oculomotor nerve (CN III) originates from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and controls eye functions. 4 / 10 Which ganglion is involved in pupillary light reflex? A) Submandibular ganglion B) Pterygopalatine ganglion C) Otic ganglion D) Ciliary ganglion The ciliary ganglion mediates pupillary light reflex through parasympathetic pathways. 5 / 10 Which parasympathetic ganglion is involved in taste and salivation? A) Otic ganglion B) Ciliary ganglion C) Submandibular ganglion D) Pterygopalatine ganglion The submandibular ganglion is responsible for salivation from the sublingual and submandibular glands. 6 / 10 Which ganglion is associated with lacrimal gland secretion? A) Ciliary ganglion B) Pterygopalatine ganglion C) Otic ganglion D) Submandibular ganglion The pterygopalatine ganglion is associated with lacrimal gland innervation by the facial nerve. 7 / 10 Which nucleus is responsible for parasympathetic control of gastric motility? A) Posterior vagus nucleus B) Edinger-Westphal nucleus C) Superior salivatory nucleus D) Inferior salivatory nucleus The posterior nucleus of the vagus nerve controls gastric motility and secretion via parasympathetic output. 8 / 10 Which ganglion is responsible for salivation from the parotid gland? A) Submandibular ganglion B) Ciliary ganglion C) Otic ganglion D) Pterygopalatine ganglion The otic ganglion receives fibers from CN IX and controls the parotid gland’s salivary secretion. 9 / 10 Which ganglion provides parasympathetic control to the ciliary body? A) Submandibular ganglion B) Otic ganglion C) Pterygopalatine ganglion D) Ciliary ganglion The ciliary ganglion controls the ciliary body and the sphincter pupillae for accommodation and constriction. 10 / 10 What is the parasympathetic function of the vagus nerve? A) Innervates lacrimal glands B) Innervates thoracic and abdominal organs C) Innervates salivary glands D) Innervates the pupils It innervates thoracic and abdominal organs, regulating heart rate, digestion, and other autonomic functions. Your score is The average score is 0% Description Parasympathetic Nervous System Overview The parasympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system, which is part of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system. Neuroanatomy: General Structures and Terms Group of cell bodies in CNS: Nucleus Group of cell bodies outside CNS: Ganglion Presynaptic neuron: Cholinergic neuron (Acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors, allowing an influx of cations) Postganglionic neurons: Cholinergic neurons (Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors of the target organ, activating a G-protein) Functional Aspects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems Territory: Sympathetic: All areas of the body Parasympathetic: No innervation in body walls and limbs Activity: Sympathetic: More generalized (1:15 ratio of pre- to postganglionic neurons) Parasympathetic: More specific (1:2 ratio of pre- to postganglionic neurons) Functions: Sympathetic: “Fight-or-Flight” – increased heart rate, bronchodilation, decreased gut motility Parasympathetic: “Rest-and-Digest” – decreased heart rate, bronchoconstriction, increased gut motility Cranial Outflow Oculomotor nerve (nervus oculomotorius) Edinger-Westphal nucleus → Ciliary ganglion → Ciliary body, sphincter pupillae Facial nerve (nervus facialis) Superior salivatory nucleus → Pterygopalatine ganglion → Lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands Chorda tympani → Submandibular ganglion → Submandibular and sublingual glands Glossopharyngeal nerve (nervus glossopharyngeus) Inferior salivatory nucleus → Otic ganglion → Parotid gland Vagus nerve (nervus vagus) Posterior nucleus of the vagus → Smooth muscle, glands, internal organs Sacral Outflow Sacral parasympathetic nuclei (S2-S4) Sacral splanchnic nerves → Inferior hypogastric plexus → Pelvic organs Sources Used Singh, I. (2017). *Human Neuroanatomy (10th ed.)* Wineski, L. E. (2019). *Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions (10th ed.)* Kozlowski, T. (2017). *Memorix Anatomy: The Complete Study Guide* Fryer, A. D., & Jacoby, D. B. (1998). *Muscarinic Receptors and Control of Airway Smooth Muscle* University lectures and notes Programs: Complete Anatomy, Biorender, PowerPoint, Camtasia Transcript Introduction0:06What’s up, Taim talks med here. In this video we’re gonna talk about the parasympathetic nervous0:10system. As you see from this brief diagram, the sympathetic and the parasympathetic parts of our0:16nervous system controls more or less all our internal organs. Sympathetic being the fight0:21or flight response, and parasympathetic being the rest and digest response. And they’re both0:27as you see here a part of the autonomic nervous system, which again is the motor0:32division of our peripheral nervous system. I did make an introductory video about the peripheral0:37nervous system, so if you guys have absolutely no clue what the peripheral nervous system is,0:42I urge you to watch that one first. But all in all I’ll try to simplify the parasympathetic0:48nervous system as much as I can so that it’ll make sense at a detailed level, within the0:54aspects of anatomy and physiology at least. So, in this video, we’re going detailed into0:59the parasympathetic nervous system. And we’re gonna do that by first going1:04through the general structure and terms associated with the parasympathetic aspect of the autonomic1:09nervous system. Basically talk a little bit about ganglia, the pre and post synaptic1:14neurons and their neurotransmitters, and basically how the parasympathetic1:18nervous system is built in general. Then we’re gonna talk about the cranial outflow,1:23and go quickly through the pathway of the cranial nerves involved and what structures1:27they innervate. And then run through the sacral outflow, where it originates from1:32and basically what it innervates and its function. Let’s go ahead and begin with some terms. Now theGanglion and Nucleus1:39autonomic nervous system –