Muscles of the Thigh

Muscles of the Thigh (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations     12345678910 Muscles of the Thigh – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which muscle of the thigh is the longest muscle in the body? A) Semitendinosus B) Rectus Femoris C) Sartorius D) Gracilis The sartorius is the longest muscle in the body, running along the length of the thigh. 2 / 10 What is the function of the adductor magnus muscle? A) Adduction + Extension of Thigh B) Flexion of the Leg C) Abduction + External Rotation of Thigh D) Extension of the Leg The adductor magnus performs adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the thigh. 3 / 10 What is the action of the pectineus muscle? A) Extension of the Leg B) External Rotation of the Leg C) Adduction + Flexion of Thigh D) Abduction of the Thigh The pectineus performs adduction, flexion, and external rotation of the thigh. 4 / 10 What is the function of the gluteus maximus during hip extension? A) Flexion of the Hip B) Internal Rotation of the Hip C) Adduction of the Thigh D) Extension of the Hip The gluteus maximus is a powerful hip extensor, especially during climbing or standing up from a sitting position. 5 / 10 Where does the gracilis muscle insert? A) Tibial Tuberosity B) Head of Fibula C) Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera D) Medial Lip of Linea Aspera The gracilis muscle inserts into the tibial tuberosity. 6 / 10 What is the insertion of the biceps femoris muscle? A) Head of Fibula B) Medial Lip of Linea Aspera C) Tibial Tuberosity D) Medial Condyle of Tibia The biceps femoris inserts into the head of the fibula. 7 / 10 What is the insertion of the pectineus muscle? A) Medial Lip of Linea Aspera B) Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera C) Pectineal Line of Femur D) Tibial Tuberosity The pectineus inserts into the pectineal line of the femur. 8 / 10 Which posterior thigh muscle is innervated by the sciatic nerve? A) Sartorius B) Gracilis C) Pectineus D) Semitendinosus All posterior thigh muscles, including the semitendinosus, are innervated by the sciatic nerve. 9 / 10 Which medial thigh muscle originates from the pecten pubis? A) Adductor Brevis B) Pectineus C) Adductor Longus D) Gracilis The pectineus originates from the pecten pubis and inserts into the pectineal line of the femur. 10 / 10 What is the origin of the rectus femoris muscle? A) Medial Lip of Linea Aspera B) Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera C) Tibial Tuberosity D) Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine The rectus femoris originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS). Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the thigh, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Thigh Anterior Group [2] Medial Group [5] Posterior Group [3] Anterior Group [2] These muscles cover the entire anterior surface of the thigh. Common Innervation: Femoral Nerve Quadriceps Femoris (Musculus Quadriceps Femoris) Rectus Femoris Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Vastus Lateralis Origin: Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera Vastus Medialis Origin: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera Vastus Intermedius Origin: Anterior Surface of Femur Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity through Patellar Ligament Function: Extension of the Leg Flexion of Femur Sartorius (Musculus Sartorius) Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity (Tuberositas Tibiae) Function: Flexion of Thigh and Leg External Rotation of Thigh Internal Rotation of Leg Medial Group [5] Pectineus (Musculus Pectineus) Origin: Pecten Pubis Insertion: Pectineal Line of Femur Function: Adduction + Flexion of Thigh External Rotation of Thigh Adductor Brevis (Musculus Adductor Brevis) Origin: Inferior Pubic Ramus (Ramus Inferior Ossis Pubis) Insertion: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera (Labium Mediale Linea Aspera) Function: Adduction + Flexion of Thigh External Rotation of Thigh Adductor Longus (Musculus Adductor Longus) Origin: Between Pubic Symphysis and Pubic Tubercle Insertion: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera (Labium Mediale Linea Aspera) Function: Adduction + Flexion of Thigh External Rotation of Thigh Adductor Magnus (Musculus Adductor Magnus) Origin: Inferior Pubic Ramus Ischial Ramus Ischial Tuberosity Insertion: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera Medial Epicondyle of Femur Function: Adduction + Extension of Thigh Internal Rotation of Thigh Gracilis (Musculus Gracilis) Origin: Inferior Pubic Ramus Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity (Tuberositas Tibiae) Function: Adduction of Thigh Flexion of Leg Internal Rotation of Leg Posterior Group [3] These muscles extend the hip joint and flex the knee joint. Common Innervation: Sciatic Nerve Biceps Femoris (Musculus Biceps Femoris) Long Head Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum) Short Head Origin: Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera Insertion: Head of Fibula (Caput Fibulae) Function: Flexion of the Leg External Rotation of the Leg Extension of the Thigh (Long Head) Semitendinosus (Musculus Semitendinosus) Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum) Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity (Tuberositas Tibiae) Function: Flexion of the Leg Internal Rotation of the Leg Extension of the Thigh Semimembranosus (Musculus Semimembranosus) Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum) Insertion: Medial Condyle of Tibia (Condylus Medialis Tibiae) Function: Flexion of the Leg Internal Rotation of the Leg Extension of the Thigh Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles you’ll find in the region0:08of the thigh, which as you know are a part of the muscles of the lower limb. Alright. So the0:13muscles of the lower limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical location.0:18The first group are muscles of the Hip Joint. Then we have the muscles of the Thigh, muscles0:22of the Leg and then the muscles of the Foot. So again, muscles of the Thigh are what we’reDivision of the Thigh Muscles0:27gonna focus on today. And they’re divided into three main groups based ont heir anatomical0:32location. We have the Anterior group, which consist of 2 muscles. We have the Medial0:37group of 5 muscles,

Muscles of the Hip

Muscles of the Hip (Groups, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations     12345678910 Muscles of the Hip – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What is the primary function of the tensor fasciae latae? A) Stabilizing the Knee Joint B) Flexion of the Trunk C) Abduction of the Thigh D) External Rotation of Femur The tensor fasciae latae tenses the iliotibial tract to stabilize the knee joint. 2 / 10 Which muscle of the hip originates from the ischial spine? A) Gluteus Minimus B) Gemellus Superior C) Quadratus Femoris D) Obturator Externus The gemellus superior originates from the ischial spine and inserts at the greater trochanter. 3 / 10 Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum (S2-S4)? A) Piriformis B) Quadratus Femoris C) Gemellus Superior D) Obturator Internus The piriformis originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum and inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur. 4 / 10 Where does the obturator externus muscle originate? A) Obturator Membrane (External Surface) B) Trochanteric Crest C) Ischial Spine D) Lesser Trochanter The obturator externus originates from the external surface of the obturator membrane. 5 / 10 What is the insertion of the gemellus superior muscle? A) Greater Trochanter B) Ischial Spine C) Lesser Trochanter D) Trochanteric Fossa The gemellus superior inserts at the greater trochanter of the femur. 6 / 10 What is the primary function of the gluteus maximus muscle? A) Adduction B) Flexion C) Extension + Abduction D) Internal Rotation The gluteus maximus extends and abducts the femur while aiding in external rotation. 7 / 10 Where does the gluteus maximus muscle insert? A) Gluteal Tuberosity + Iliotibial Tract B) Lesser Trochanter C) Greater Trochanter D) Iliac Crest The gluteus maximus inserts on the gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the iliotibial tract. 8 / 10 Which gluteal muscle aids in internal rotation of the femur? A) Tensor Fasciae Latae B) Gluteus Maximus C) Gluteus Minimus D) Gluteus Medius The anterior fibers of the gluteus medius perform internal rotation of the femur. 9 / 10 What is the insertion of the iliopsoas muscle? A) Iliac Crest B) Lesser Trochanter C) Greater Trochanter D) Gluteal Tuberosity The iliopsoas muscle inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur. 10 / 10 Which muscle forms part of the pelvicotrochantic group? A) Psoas Major B) Obturator Internus C) Gluteus Maximus D) Tensor Fasciae Latae The obturator internus belongs to the pelvicotrochantic group, stabilizing the hip joint. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the hip joint, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Hip Joint Anterior Group [3] Posterior Group [10] – Deep + Superficial Layers Anterior Group Iliacus (Musculus Iliacus) Origin: Iliac Fossa Psoas Major (Musculus Psoas Major) Origin: Vertebral Bodies of T12-L5 Iliopsoas (Musculus Iliopsoas) Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Minor) Function: Flexion + Adduction of Femur External Rotation of Femur Flexion of Trunk Psoas Minor (Musculus Psoas Minor) Origin: Vertebral Bodies of T12-L1 Insertion: Iliopubic Eminence (Eminentia Iliopubica) Function: Flexion of Trunk Posterior Group Deep Muscles (“Pelvitrochanteric Muscles”) These muscles insert around the greater trochanter, maintaining hip joint stability and posture. Piriformis (Musculus Piriformis) Origin: Anterior Surface of Sacrum (S2-S4) Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major) Function: External Rotation of Thigh Abduction of Thigh Obturator Internus (Musculus Obturatorius Internus) Origin: Inner Surface of Obturator Membrane Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major) Function: External Rotation of Thigh Abduction of Thigh Gemellus Superior (Musculus Gemellus Superior) Origin: Ischial Spine (Spina Ischiadica) Gemellus Inferior (Musculus Gemellus Inferior) Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum) Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major) Function: External Rotation of Thigh Quadratus Femoris (Musculus Quadratus Femoris) Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum) Insertion: Intertrochanteric Crest (Crista Intertrochanterica) Function: External Rotation of Thigh Adduction of Thigh Obturator Externus (Musculus Obturatorius Externus) Origin: External Surface of Obturator Membrane Insertion: Trochanteric Fossa (Fossa Trochanterica) Function: External Rotation of Thigh Accessory Flexion Superficial Muscles [4] These muscles assist in standing up from a sitting position, climbing stairs, and preventing hip deviation. Gluteus Minimus (Musculus Gluteus Minimus) Origin: Gluteal Surface of Ilium (between Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines) Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major) Function: Abduction of Femur Anterior Fibers: Internal Rotation Posterior Fibers: External Rotation Gluteus Medius (Musculus Gluteus Medius) Origin: Gluteal Surface of Ilium (between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines) Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major) Function: Abduction of Femur Anterior Fibers: Internal Rotation Posterior Fibers: External Rotation Gluteus Maximus (Musculus Gluteus Maximus) Origin: Gluteal Surface of Ilium (behind Posterior Gluteal Line) Posterior Surface of Sacrum and Coccyx Sacrotuberal Ligament Thoracolumbar Fascia Insertion: Gluteal Tuberosity of Femur Iliotibial Tract Function: Abduction + Extension of Femur External Rotation Tensor Fasciae Latae (Musculus Tensor Fasciae Latae) Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Insertion: Continues into the Iliotibial Tract, Tubercle of Iliotibial Tract Function: Tenses Iliotibial Tract to “Lock” the Knee Joint Flexion of Femur Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles of the Hip Joint,0:08which as you know are a part of the muscles of the lower limb. Alright. So the muscles of0:12the lower limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical location.0:17The first group are muscles of the Hip Joint. Then we have the muscles of the Thigh, muscles0:23of the Leg and then the muscles of the Foot. So again, muscles of the Hip Joint are whatDivision of the Hip Muscles0:27we’re gonna focus on today. And they’re divided into two main groups. We have the Anterior group,0:33which consist of 3 muscles. and the Posterior group consisting of 10 muscles in total,0:39divided as deep and superficial layers. So let’s work our way through all of the0:44muscles here, starting with

Fascia of the Upper Limb

Fascia of the Shoulder, Arm, Forearm and Hand (Septa, Compartments, Sheath) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Members Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Members Only Go to Illustrations     12345678910 Fascia of the Upper Limb – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What structures are found in the lateral compartment of the forearm? A) Brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis B) Palmaris longus C) Extensor digitorum D) Pronator teres The lateral compartment contains muscles like brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis. 2 / 10 What structures are enclosed within the tendinous sheath of the flexor pollicis longus? A) Flexor pollicis longus B) Extensor pollicis brevis C) Flexor digitorum profundus D) Abductor pollicis longus The tendinous sheath of flexor pollicis longus encloses its tendon, which passes through the carpal tunnel. 3 / 10 What are the primary compartments formed by the brachial fascia? A) Lateral and medial compartments B) Deep and superficial compartments C) Anterior and posterior compartments D) Flexor and extensor compartments The brachial fascia separates the flexor and extensor compartments in the arm. 4 / 10 What is the primary role of the antebrachial fascia? A) Stabilizes and separates forearm muscles B) Supports humeral muscles C) Envelops hand muscles D) Stabilizes shoulder muscles The antebrachial fascia stabilizes and separates the forearm muscles into compartments. 5 / 10 What is the anatomical function of the intermuscular septa in the arm? A) Divide arm compartments B) Enclose the biceps brachii C) Support the humeral head D) Stabilize the brachial plexus The intermuscular septa separate the flexor and extensor compartments. 6 / 10 What is the primary structure passing through the 3rd compartment of the extensor retinaculum? A) Extensor indicis B) Extensor pollicis longus C) Extensor digitorum D) Abductor pollicis longus The 3rd compartment contains the tendon of extensor pollicis longus. 7 / 10 What is the primary anatomical role of the palmar aponeurosis? A) Separates compartments of the hand B) Stabilizes the palm's skin C) Covers the wrist tendons D) Encloses the carpal bones The palmar aponeurosis supports and stabilizes the skin of the palm. 8 / 10 Which fascia encloses the triceps muscle? A) Pectoral fascia B) Brachial fascia C) Antebrachial fascia D) Clavipectoral fascia The brachial fascia encloses the triceps within the extensor compartment. 9 / 10 What is the anatomical location of the extensor retinaculum? A) Dorsal wrist B) Anterior forearm C) Posterior forearm D) Palmar wrist The extensor retinaculum is located over the dorsal wrist, stabilizing extensor tendons. 10 / 10 What is the origin of the flexor retinaculum? A) Radius and ulna B) Palmar aponeurosis C) Dorsal wrist ligaments D) Scaphoid, trapezium, pisiform, and hamate The flexor retinaculum originates from the scaphoid and trapezium laterally and the pisiform and hamate medially. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the fascia of the upper limb, including its types, functions, and anatomical distribution in the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand. Fascia Functions Stabilizes and separates muscles from other internal organs Forms compartments Passage for nerves, blood vessels, and lymph Storage medium for fat and water Three Types of Fascia Superficial Fascia Deep Fascia Visceral Fascia Fascia of the Shoulder Deltoid Fascia Pectoral Fascia Infraspinatus Fascia Supraspinatus Fascia Fascia of the Arm Brachial Fascia (Fascia Brachii) Medial Intermuscular Septa (Septum Intermusculare Mediale) Lateral Intermuscular Septa (Septum Intermusculare Laterale) Deep Lamina (Lamina Profunda) Flexor Compartment Extensor Compartment Vagina Osteofibrosa Extensorum Triceps Muscle Vagina Osteofibrosa Flexorum Coracobrachialis Brachialis Vagina Fibrosa Flexorum Biceps Brachii Fascia of the Forearm Antebrachial Fascia (Fascia Antebrachii) Deep Lamina (Lamina Profunda) Posterior Intermuscular Septum (Septum Intermusculare Posterior) Anterior Intermuscular Septum (Septum Intermusculare Anterior) Lateral Compartment Posterior Compartment Anterior Compartment Interosseous Membrane Vagina Osteofibrosa Lateralis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradialis Vagina Osteofibrosa Posterior Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Abductor Pollicis Longus Vagina Osteofibrosa Anterior Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Vagina Fibrosa Antebrachii Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Fascia of the Hand Flexor Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Flexorum) Extensor Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Extensorum) Palmar Aponeurosis (Aponeurosis Palmaris) Superficial Dorsal Fascia (Fascia Dorsalis Superficialis) Dorsal Tendinous Sheaths 1 – Tendinous sheath of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis 2 – Tendinous sheath of extensores carpi radiales 3 – Tendinous sheath of extensor pollicis longus 4 – Tendinous sheath of extensor digitorum and extensor indicis 5 – Tendinous sheath of extensor digiti minimi 6 – Tendinous sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris Carpal Canal (Canalis Carpi) 1 – Tendinous sheath of flexor carpi radialis 2 – Tendinous sheath of flexor pollicis longus 3 – Common flexor sheath (for flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus) 3.1 – Middle carpal sac (Saccus Carpi Medius) Ulnar Canal (Canalis Ulnaris / Guyon’s Canal) 5 – Ulnar Artery 6 – Ulnar Veins 7 – Ulnar Nerve Transcript Introduction0:00What’s up.0:04Meditay here and in this video, we’re gonna take a look at the main fascia covering structures0:09in the upper extremity.What is a Fascia?0:10But first, we need to answer the questions: what is a fascia is?0:13And how do we categorize them?0:15So a fascia is just a connective tissue surrounding structures within the body.0:20So here is a muscle, just a raw muscle within our body.0:23And here is a fascia.0:24It surrounds the muscle.0:26Now why do we need them?0:28Well one thing is that fascia stabilizes and separates muscles from other internal organs.0:34Fascia form compartments.0:36Specially in clinics if you get patients with edema within the compartment that the fascia0:40forms, we’ll get the so-called compartment syndrome, which could be very dangerous as0:45blood supply may get cut off due to the pressure.0:48Fascia also forms a passage for nerves, blood vessels and lymph.0:52And this is also important to keep in mind.0:54Specially in people with chronic muscle pain.0:56It doesn’t necessarily have to be your muscle that’s ill, it could be the fascia.1:00So, stretching exercises

Muscles of the Hand

Muscles of the Hand (Division, Origin, Insertion, Functions) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations     12345678910 Muscles of the Hand – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Where do the dorsal interossei muscles insert? A) Metacarpals B) Proximal phalanges of 2nd-4th fingers C) Distal phalanges D) Middle phalanges The dorsal interossei muscles insert into the proximal phalanges of the 2nd-4th fingers. 2 / 10 What is the primary function of the palmar interossei muscles? A) Adduction of fingers B) Flexion of phalanges C) Extension of fingers D) Abduction of fingers The palmar interossei muscles adduct fingers towards the 3rd finger. 3 / 10 What is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi? A) Flexor retinaculum and trapezium B) Flexor retinaculum and metacarpal V C) Flexor retinaculum and pisiform D) Flexor retinaculum and hamate The abductor digiti minimi originates from the flexor retinaculum and pisiform bone. 4 / 10 What is the function of the dorsal interossei muscles? A) Extension of fingers B) Flexion of fingers C) Adduction of fingers D) Abduction of fingers The dorsal interossei muscles abduct the fingers, moving them away from the 3rd finger. 5 / 10 Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis originate? A) Flexor retinaculum and hamate B) Pisiform C) Palmar aponeurosis D) Scaphoid The flexor digiti minimi brevis originates from the flexor retinaculum and hamate. 6 / 10 Which muscle abducts the thumb and inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx? A) Abductor pollicis brevis B) Flexor pollicis brevis C) Opponens pollicis D) Adductor pollicis The abductor pollicis brevis abducts the thumb and inserts into the proximal phalanx. 7 / 10 Where do the lumbricals insert? A) Distal phalanges B) Proximal phalanges C) Extensor expansions of fingers D) Metacarpals The lumbricals insert into the extensor expansions of the fingers. 8 / 10 Which muscle abducts the thumb and originates from the flexor retinaculum? A) Abductor pollicis brevis B) Opponens pollicis C) Adductor pollicis D) Flexor pollicis brevis The abductor pollicis brevis abducts the thumb and originates from the flexor retinaculum. 9 / 10 What is the insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis? A) Base of proximal phalanx of little finger B) Pisiform C) Hamatum D) 5th metacarpal The flexor digiti minimi brevis inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger. 10 / 10 What is the function of the flexor digiti minimi brevis? A) Abduction of little finger B) Flexion of little finger C) Extension of little finger D) Adduction of little finger The flexor digiti minimi brevis flexes the little finger. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the hand, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Hand Muscles of Thenar Eminence Muscles of Hypothenar Eminence Middle Hand Muscles Interossei Muscles Lumbrical Muscles Thenar Muscles Opponens Pollicis (Musculus Opponens Pollicis) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum and Trapezium Insertion: Base of 1st Metacarpal Bone (Basis Ossis Metacarpalis I) Function: Opposition and Flexion of Thumb Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Musculus Flexor Pollicis Brevis) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum Deeper Part: Trapezium, Trapezoideum Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb (Basis Phalangis Proximalis Pollicis) Function: Opposition + Flexion of the Thumb Adductor Pollicis (Musculus Adductor Pollicis) Origin: Oblique Head: Capitate + Base of 2nd/3rd Metacarpal Transverse Head: 3rd Metacarpal Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb (Basis Phalangis Proximalis Pollicis) Function: Adduction of the Thumb Abductor Pollicis Brevis (Musculus Abductor Pollicis Brevis) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb (Basis Phalangis Proximalis Pollicis) Function: Abduction of Thumb Hypothenar Muscles Opponens Digiti Minimi (Musculus Opponens Digiti Minimi) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum + Hamatum Insertion: 5th Metacarpal Bone (Os Metacarpale V) Function: Opposition of Little Finger Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Musculus Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum + Hamatum Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of Little Finger (Basis Phalangis Proximalis Digiti Minimi) Function: Flexion of Little Finger Abductor Digiti Minimi (Musculus Abductor Digiti Minimi) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum + Pisiform Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx of Little Finger (Basis Phalangis Proximalis Digiti Minimi) Function: Abduction of Little Finger Palmaris Brevis (Musculus Palmaris Brevis) Origin: Flexor Retinaculum + Palmar Aponeurosis Insertion: Skin of the Palm on the Ulnar Side Function: Pulls the Skin and Produces Wrinkles on the Hypothenar Side Middle Hand Muscles Palmar Interossei (Musculi Interossei Palmares) Origin: 2nd Metacarpal – Medial Side 4th Metacarpal – Lateral Side 5th Metacarpal – Lateral Side Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 2nd, 4th, and 5th Fingers Function: Adduction of Fingers – Pulls 2nd, 4th, and 5th Fingers Towards the 3rd Finger Dorsal Interossei (Musculi Interossei Dorsales) Origin: Between the Metacarpal Bones of 1st to 5th Fingers Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 2nd-4th Fingers Function: Abduction of Fingers – Pulls 2nd and 4th Fingers Away from the 3rd Finger Lumbricals (Musculi Lumbricales) Origin: Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 2nd-5th Fingers Function: Flexion of Proximal Phalanges Extension of Middle and Distal Phalanges Transcript Introduction0:01What’s up.0:04Meditay here and in this segment, we’ll be covering the muscles of the hand.0:07Alright.0:08So, the muscles of the upper limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical0:13location.0:14The first group are muscles of the shoulder joint.0:16Then we have the muscles of the arm, muscles of the forearm and then the muscles of the0:20hand.Division of the Hand Muscles0:21So again, the muscles of the hand are what we’re gonna focus on.0:25Now.0:26Muscles of the hand are divided into specific regions.0:29Some sources might differ in classification of them, but all the muscles are the same.0:34So muscles of the hand can be divided into the Thermal Muscles, for the thumb, Hypothermal0:40muscles for the pinky, and the middle hand muscles, which can be divided into interossei0:46muscles and lumbrical muscles.0:48So these are the muscles we’re gonna try to

Muscles of the Forearm

Muscles of the Forearm (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations     12345678910 Muscles of the Forearm – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which muscle is part of the posterior superficial layer of the forearm and extends the 5th finger? A) Extensor digitorum B) Abductor pollicis longus C) Extensor carpi ulnaris D) Extensor digiti minimi The extensor digiti minimi is part of the posterior superficial layer of the forearm and extends the 5th finger. 2 / 10 Which muscle abducts the thumb and originates from the posterior surface of the radius and ulna? A) Abductor pollicis longus B) Extensor pollicis longus C) Flexor pollicis longus D) Extensor pollicis brevis The abductor pollicis longus abducts the thumb and originates from the posterior surface of the radius and ulna. 3 / 10 Where does the extensor pollicis brevis originate? A) Anterior surface of radius B) Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane C) Posterior surface of humerus D) Posterior surface of ulna The extensor pollicis brevis originates from the posterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane. 4 / 10 What is the function of the flexor digitorum profundus? A) Extension of fingers B) Flexion of 2nd-5th fingers C) Pronation D) Supination The flexor digitorum profundus flexes the 2nd-5th fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints and assists in hand flexion. 5 / 10 Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the ulna and inserts on the anterior surface of the radius? A) Supinator B) Brachioradialis C) Pronator teres D) Pronator quadratus The pronator quadratus originates from the anterior surface of the ulna and inserts on the anterior surface of the radius. 6 / 10 What is the insertion point of the extensor carpi radialis brevis? A) Base of 3rd metacarpal B) Palmar aponeurosis C) Base of 2nd metacarpal D) Base of 5th metacarpal The extensor carpi radialis brevis inserts into the base of the 3rd metacarpal. 7 / 10 Which muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the base of the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th fingers? A) Extensor pollicis longus B) Abductor pollicis longus C) Flexor digitorum profundus D) Extensor digitorum The extensor digitorum originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the base of the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th fingers. 8 / 10 Which muscle originates from the lateral margin of the humerus and inserts above the styloid process of the radius? A) Brachioradialis B) Extensor digitorum C) Supinator D) Pronator quadratus The brachioradialis originates from the lateral margin of the humerus and inserts above the styloid process of the radius. 9 / 10 Where does the pronator teres insert? A) Posterior surface of radius B) Styloid process of radius C) Anterior surface of ulna D) Anterolateral surface of radius The pronator teres inserts into the anterolateral surface of the radius. 10 / 10 What is the insertion point of the extensor indicis? A) Palmar aponeurosis B) Base of 5th metacarpal C) Base of proximal phalanx D) Base of middle/distal phalanges of 2nd finger The extensor indicis inserts into the base of the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd finger. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the forearm, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Forearm Anterior (Flexor) Group Lateral (Radial) Group Posterior (Extensor) Group Anterior (Flexor) Group 1st Layer Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 2nd Layer Flexor Digitorum Superficialis 3rd Layer Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus 4th Layer Pronator Quadratus Pronator Quadratus (Musculus Pronator Quadratus) Origin: Anterior surface of Ulna Insertion: Anterior surface of Radius Function: Pronation of forearm Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Musculus Flexor Digitorum Profundus) Origin: Anterior surface of Ulna Insertion: Base of distal phalanges (2-5 fingers) (Basis Phalangis Distalis II-V) Function: Flexion of 2-5th fingers at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints Accessory flexion of hand Lateral (Radial) Group Superficial Layer Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Deep Layer Supinator Supinator (Musculus Supinator) Origin: Lateral Epicondyle, Radial Collateral Ligament, Ulna Insertion: Lateral Surface of Radius Function: Supination of forearm Posterior (Extensor) Group Superficial Layer Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Deep Layer Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Extensor Indicis Abductor Pollicis Longus (Musculus Abductor Pollicis Longus) Origin: Posterior surface of Ulna/Radius, Interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal Function: Abduction of thumb Extensor Pollicis Brevis (Musculus Extensor Pollicis Brevis) Origin: Posterior surface of Radius, Interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Function: Extension and abduction of thumb Extensor Indicis (Musculus Extensor Indicis) Origin: Posterior surface of Ulna, Interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of middle/distal phalanx of index finger Function: Extension of index finger (2nd finger) Extensor Digitorum (Musculus Extensor Digitorum) Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Base of middle and distal phalanges of 2-5th fingers Function: Abduction of fingers Extension of hand Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and now we’ll be covering the muscles of the forearm, which as you know0:08are a part of the upper limb. Alright. So, the muscles of the upper limb are divided into 40:13parts according to their anatomical location. The first group are muscles of the shoulder joint.0:18Then we have the muscles of the arm, muscles of the forearm and then the muscles of the hand.Division of the Forearm Muscles0:23So again, muscles of the forearm are what we’re gonna focus on.0:26And they’re divided into two main groups. We have the Anterior group, or the flexor muscles. We0:32have he Lateral group on the radial side, and we have the posterior group, the extensors. So let’s0:38work our way through all of the muscles here, starting with the anterior group.Anterior (Flexor) Group0:43Alright. So

Muscles of the Arm

Muscles of the Arm (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations     12345678910 Muscles of the Arm – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What is the function of the coracobrachialis muscle? A) Supination B) Extension C) Flexion, adduction, and internal rotation D) Abduction The coracobrachialis flexes, adducts, and internally rotates the arm. 2 / 10 What is the primary function of the long head of the triceps brachii? A) Supination B) Abduction C) Extension and adduction D) Flexion The long head of the triceps brachii extends and adducts the arm. 3 / 10 Where does the triceps brachii insert? A) Coronoid process B) Olecranon of ulna C) Radial tuberosity D) Diaphysis of humerus The triceps brachii inserts into the olecranon of the ulna. 4 / 10 What is the primary function of the brachialis muscle? A) Abduction of arm B) Internal rotation C) Extension of forearm D) Flexion of forearm The brachialis is responsible for flexion of the forearm. 5 / 10 What is the function of the coracobrachialis muscle? A) Supination B) Extension of forearm C) Flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of arm D) Abduction The coracobrachialis flexes, adducts, and internally rotates the arm. 6 / 10 Which muscle is part of the posterior (extensor) group of the arm? A) Coracobrachialis B) Brachialis C) Triceps brachii D) Biceps brachii The triceps brachii is part of the posterior (extensor) group of the arm. 7 / 10 Where does the anconeus muscle insert? A) Olecranon B) Tuberosity of ulna C) Radial tuberosity D) Proximal epiphysis of ulna The anconeus inserts into the proximal epiphysis of the ulna. 8 / 10 Which muscle stabilizes the shoulder joint and inserts into the olecranon of the ulna? A) Triceps brachii B) Coracobrachialis C) Brachialis D) Anconeus The triceps brachii stabilizes the shoulder joint and inserts into the olecranon of the ulna. 9 / 10 What is the origin of the coracobrachialis muscle? A) Infraglenoid tubercle B) Supraglenoid tubercle C) Coracoid process D) Olecranon The coracobrachialis muscle originates from the coracoid process of the scapula. 10 / 10 Which muscle has an origin on the coracoid process and inserts into the anterior humerus? A) Brachialis B) Triceps brachii C) Coracobrachialis D) Biceps brachii The coracobrachialis originates on the coracoid process and inserts into the anterior humerus. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the arm, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Arm Anterior (Flexor) Group [3] Posterior (Extensor) Group [2] Anterior (Flexor) Group [3] Brachialis (Musculus Brachialis) Origin: Anterior diaphysis of the humerus Insertion: Tuberosity of Ulna (Tuberositas Ulnae) Function: Flexion Coracobrachialis (Musculus Coracobrachialis) Origin: Coracoid Process (Processus Coracoideus Scapulae) Insertion: Anterior diaphysis of the humerus Function: Flexion, Adduction, and Internal Rotation Biceps Brachii (Musculus Biceps Brachii) Long Head Origin: Supraglenoid Tubercle (Tuberculum Supraglenoidale Scapulae) Short Head Origin: Coracoid Process (Processus Coracoideus Scapulae) Insertion: Radial Tuberosity (Tuberositas Radii) Function: Flexion + Supination of Forearm Flexion + Abduction of Arm Posterior (Extensor) Group [2] Anconeus (Musculus Anconeus) Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus (Epicondylus Lateralis Humeri) Insertion: Proximal Epiphysis of the Ulna Function: Extension of Lower Arm Triceps Brachii (Musculus Triceps Brachii) Medial Head Origin: Diaphysis of Humerus Lateral Head Origin: Diaphysis of Humerus Long Head Origin: Infraglenoid Tubercle Insertion: Olecranon of Ulna Function: Extension of Forearm Extension + Adduction of Arm Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles of the arm,0:08which as you know are a part of the upper limb. Alright. So the muscles of0:11the upper limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical location.0:16The first group are muscles of the shoulder joint. Then we have the muscles of the arm, muscles of0:21the forearm and then the muscles of the hand. So again, muscles of the arm are what we’re gonnaDivision of the Arm Muscles0:26focus on today. And they’re divided into two main groups. We have th Anterior group, which are also0:32called flexor muscles, there are 3 muscles there. And Posterior group, or the extensor muscles.0:38These are two muscles here in the posterior region.0:41So let’s do the anterior group first. Alright. The first muscle of the anteriorBrachialis0:45group is the brachialis muscle, which is here. This muscle originates from the Anterior0:50Diaphysis of the Humerus, and insert at the Tuberosity of the Ulna, as you see here.0:55And when this muscle contracts, it pulls the ulna upwards and flexes the lower arm.Coracobrachialis1:00The next muscle is the coracobrachialis muscle. Which is here.1:04And as the name says, it originates from the Coracoid process of the Scapula,1:09and insert at the anterior diaphysis of the humerus. And when the fibers of this muscle1:14contract, it flexes the arm, adducts the arm, and also internally rotate the arm.1:20The last muscle of the anterior group is the Biceps brachii muscle, which is here. It’s calledBiceps Brachii1:26Bi-ceps, so it consist of two parts. It consists of a Long head, as you see here, and a short head.1:32The long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle, and the short head originates from1:37the coracoid process of the scapula. The two heads then unite to insert at1:42the radial tuberosity on the radius, as you see here. This muscle is responsible1:47for flexion and supination of the forearm, and also flexion and abduction of the arm.1:53So that was the three muscles of the flexor group. Next, we have the Posterior, or extensor group,1:59so let’s go ahead and look at the posterior view of the arm.Anconeus2:02The first one is the Anconeus. Which is here. Down here.2:06It originates from the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus and insert at the Epiphysis2:11of the Ulna. And when it contracts, it pulls the lower arm back to extend it.Triceps Brachii2:17The last muscle is called Triceps Brachii.

Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations     12345678910 Muscles of the Shoulder – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which part of the deltoid muscle is responsible for flexion of the shoulder? A) Clavicular part B) Acromial part C) All parts D) Spinal part The clavicular part of the deltoid muscle flexes the shoulder. 2 / 10 What is the primary function of the deltoid’s acromial part? A) Internal rotation B) Extension C) Flexion D) Abduction The acromial part of the deltoid abducts the arm. 3 / 10 Which muscle inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus? A) Subscapularis B) Infraspinatus C) Teres minor D) Supraspinatus The subscapularis muscle inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus. 4 / 10 What is the function of the teres major muscle? A) Abduction B) External rotation C) Adduction, extension, and internal rotation D) Flexion The teres major performs adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the arm. 5 / 10 What is the primary role of the rotator cuff muscles? A) Abduction of arm B) External rotation C) Flexion of shoulder D) Stabilization of shoulder joint The rotator cuff muscles stabilize the shoulder joint during movement. 6 / 10 What is the function of the teres major muscle? A) Abduction B) Internal rotation C) Elevation D) External rotation The teres major is responsible for adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the arm. 7 / 10 What is the insertion of the teres major muscle? A) Deltoid tuberosity B) Greater tubercle C) Crest of the lesser tubercle D) Radial tuberosity The teres major muscle inserts into the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus. 8 / 10 What is the main action of the deltoid’s spinal part? A) Adduction B) Flexion C) Extension and external rotation D) Abduction The spinal part of the deltoid extends and externally rotates the arm. 9 / 10 What is the insertion point of the infraspinatus muscle? A) Deltoid tuberosity B) Lesser tubercle C) Acromion D) Greater tubercle The infraspinatus inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus. 10 / 10 Which muscle inserts into the crest of the greater tubercle? A) Subscapularis B) Infraspinatus C) Supraspinatus D) Pectoralis major The pectoralis major inserts into the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the shoulder joint, including their origins, insertions, functions, and clinical significance. Muscles of the Shoulder Joint Deltoid Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Teres Major Deltoid (Musculus Deltoideus) Spinal Part Origin: Spine of Scapula (Spina Scapulae) Acromial Part Origin: Acromion of Scapula Clavicular Part Origin: Clavicle Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus (Tuberositas Deltoidei Humeri) Function: A: Abduction (Abductio Brachii) C: Internal Rotation (Rotatio Brachii Interna) S: External Rotation (Rotatio Brachii Externa) S+C: Adduction A+C: Flexion A+S: Extension Subscapularis (Musculus Subscapularis) Origin: Subscapular Fossa (Fossa Subscapularis) Insertion: Lesser Tubercle + Crest of Humerus (Tuberculum Minus Humeri et Crista Tuberculi Minoris) Function: Adduction, Internal Rotation Supraspinatus (Musculus Supraspinatus) Origin: Supraspinous Fossa (Fossa Supraspinata) Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus (Tuberculum Majus Humeri) Function: Abduction Infraspinatus (Musculus Infraspinatus) Origin: Infraspinous Fossa (Fossa Infraspinata) Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus (Tuberculum Majus Humeri) Function: External Rotation Teres Minor (Musculus Teres Minor) Origin: Lateral Margin of Scapula (Margo Lateralis Scapulae) Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus (Tuberculum Majus Humeri) Function: External Rotation, Extension Teres Major (Musculus Teres Major) Origin: Inferior Angle of Scapula (Angulus Inferior Scapulae) Insertion: Crest of Lesser Tubercle of Humerus (Crista Tuberculi Minoris Humeri) Function: Adduction Extension Internal Rotation Rotator Cuff Muscles Subscapularis (Musculus Subscapularis) Supraspinatus (Musculus Supraspinatus) Infraspinatus (Musculus Infraspinatus) Teres Minor (Musculus Teres Minor) Function: Stabilizes the Shoulder Joint Clinical Importance ⚠ Rotator Cuff Tear Tendinitis Bursitis Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be looking at the muscles of the shoulders,0:08which are a part of the upper limb. Alright. So, the muscles of the upper limb are divided into 40:13parts according to their anatomical location. The first group are muscles of the shoulder joint.0:19Then we have the muscles of the arm, muscles of the forearm and then the muscles of the hand.0:24So again, muscles of the shoulder joint are what we’re gonna focus on today. These areDivision of the Shoulder Muscles0:28the Deltoid Muscle, Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor and Teres Major. All0:36of these muscles surround the shoulder joint. But the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and0:42subscapularis form the rotator cuff muscles, which allows rotation of the humerus at the shoulder0:48joint, they provide stability to the shoulder and prevents dislocation.0:52These muscles are clinically important because any rotator cuff injury can cause a dull pain in0:58the shoulder, which often worsens when you elevate the arm in a certain way.1:02Alright. So let’s talk about these muscles. We’ll add a skeleton to use it as a landmark.Deltoid1:07First we have the deltoid muscle. Which is this large muscle on the shoulder that1:11is used as an injection site in the shoulder. This muscle is divided into 3 parts according1:17to their place of origin. It’s divided into the Spinal part, Acromial Part,1:22and the Clavicular part. So the spinal part originates from the Spine of Scapula, as you1:27see here. Acromial part from the acromion of the scapula, and clavicular part from the…. Clavicle.1:35Then they all unite and insert at a common region, which is the Deltoid tuberosity of the Humerus.1:41The function of the deltoid muscle depends on which muscle fibers contract. For instance,1:46if Acromial part contract alone, it abducts the arm. If clavicular part contracts alone, it1:53rotates the arm internally, and if the Spinal part contracts alone, it rotates the arm externally. If2:00the Spinal part and the Clavicular part contract, they adduct the arm. If the Acromial part and the2:06clavicular part contract,

Fascia of the Thorax

Fascia of the Thorax (Endothoracic, Thoracic, Clavipectoral, Pectoral Fascia) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Fascia of the Thorax – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which fascia encloses the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles? A) Clavipectoral fascia B) Pectoral fascia C) Cervical fascia D) Thoracic fascia The cervical fascia encloses these muscles and lies superiorly. 2 / 10 Which fascia is stretched between the clavicle and cartilaginous ribs? A) Clavipectoral fascia B) Endothoracic fascia C) Thoracic fascia D) Pectoral fascia The clavipectoral fascia stretches between the clavicle and ribs. 3 / 10 Which fascia connects the clavicle to the cartilaginous ribs? A) Pectoral fascia B) Endothoracic fascia C) Clavipectoral fascia D) Thoracic fascia The clavipectoral fascia connects the clavicle to the cartilaginous ribs. 4 / 10 Which fascia connects the clavicle to the coracoid process and cartilaginous ribs? A) Pectoral fascia B) Thoracic fascia C) Clavipectoral fascia D) Endothoracic fascia The clavipectoral fascia connects these structures in the thorax. 5 / 10 What fascia is considered the deep fascia of the thorax, covering the ribs and intercostal spaces? A) Pectoral fascia B) Clavipectoral fascia C) Endothoracic fascia D) Thoracic fascia The thoracic fascia covers the ribs and intercostal spaces. 6 / 10 What structure passes through the clavipectoral fascia at the infraclavicular region? A) Axillary artery B) Cephalic vein C) Internal thoracic vein D) Subclavian nerve The cephalic vein passes through the clavipectoral fascia in the infraclavicular region. 7 / 10 The fascia overlying the internal surface of the thoracic cavity is known as? A) Pectoral fascia B) Endothoracic fascia C) Thoracic fascia D) Clavipectoral fascia The endothoracic fascia overlies the internal thoracic cavity surface. 8 / 10 What structure is covered by the clavipectoral fascia? A) Serratus anterior B) External intercostal muscles C) Pectoralis major D) Subclavius and pectoralis minor The clavipectoral fascia covers the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles. 9 / 10 Which fascia lies superficial to the thoracic fascia? A) Pectoral fascia B) Aponeurosis C) Endothoracic fascia D) Clavipectoral fascia The clavipectoral fascia lies superficial to the thoracic fascia. 10 / 10 What is the main function of the thoracic fascia? A) Provides fat storage B) Forms the pleural cavity lining C) Covers the lungs D) Covers ribs and intercostal spaces The thoracic fascia stabilizes and separates the ribs and intercostal muscles. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the fascia of the thorax, including its superficial and deep layers. Superficial Fascia of the Thorax Pectoral Fascia (Fascia Pectoralis) Covers the Pectoralis Major Clavipectoral Fascia (Fascia Clavipectoralis) Covers the Subclavius and Pectoralis Minor Stretched between the: Clavicle Coracoid Process Cartilaginous Ends of the Ribs Deep Fascia of the Thorax Thoracic Fascia (Fascia Thoracica) A fascia over the surface of the ribs and intercostal spaces Endothoracic Fascia (Fascia Endothoracica) Covers the internal surface of the thoracic cavity Includes: Diaphragmatic Fascia Suprapleural Membrane Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be going through the0:06Fascia you’ll find in the thoracic region. Aight. So, here’s the plan anterior view0:12of the thorax. And Here, we’ll add all the main muscles associated with thoracic region.Content0:17So in this video, we’re mainly gonna cover the Pectoral Fascia. The Clavipectoral Fascia.0:22Thoracic Fascia and Endothoracic Fascia. So these are the fascias we’re gonna go through, and we’llPectoral Fascia and Clavipectoral Fascia0:28start with the Pectoral and Clavipectoral Fascia. These two fascias are pretty simple. The Pectoral0:34Fascia covers the pectoralis Major, as you see here in blue.0:38And the Clavipectoral Fascia covers the subclavius muscle and the pectoralis minor, which are both0:43located underneath the pectoralis major. The Clavipectoral fascia is stretched0:47between the clavicle, coracoid process and the cartilaginous ends of the ribs, as you see here.0:53These two fascias you see here, are considered as the Superficial Fascia of the Thorax,0:58so when we remove them, we’ll see the actual anterior wall of the thorax.Thoracic Fascia1:03The whole external surface of the thorax is covered by a fascia called Thoracic Fascia.1:08As you see here. So again, it’s a fascia that lies over the surface of the ribs and intercostal1:14spaces. The other fascia is associated with the internal surface of the thoracic wall,1:20so let’s look at the thorax from this perspective.1:23And here still we have the thoracic fascia in orange.Endothoracic Fascia1:26The inner surface of the thoracic cavity is covered by a fascia called Endothoracic Fascia.1:31As you see here in red. But there are a couple of things that we need to know1:34about the endothoracic fascia. SO let’s add the diaphragm and look at the thorax from an anterior1:40view. And then cut the thorax like this. And look at it from this perspective, we’ll see1:44this. So again. Here’s the Endothoracic Fascia. Now the Endothoracic fascia is going to go covert1:50eh diaphragm as well, and get the name diaphragmatic fascia, which is just a fancy name1:55for the diaphragmatic part of the endothoracic fascia. Another thing the endothoracic fascia is2:00going to form is the suprapleural membrane, which is a thickened part of the endothoracic fascia2:06on the pleural cupula. Now if you’re unsure about what the pleura is. It’s basically a2:12covering around the actual lungs. And the upper apex of the pleura is what we call pleural cupula.2:18So, the endothoracic fascia is going to cover the pleural cupula and form a membrane.2:23So that was all the main fascia of the thorax, and I hope that was helpful. Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations Fascia of the Thorax – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. Start Become a Member You have to become a member before you can access the Notes and the Quizzes. Membership Plans   Description This video covers

Diaphragm

Diaphragm – Origin Points, Openings and Coverings Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Diaphragm – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What structure passes through the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm? A) Internal thoracic artery B) Esophagus C) Inferior vena cava D) Aorta The oesophageal hiatus, located at T10, allows passage of the esophagus and vagus nerves. 2 / 10 Which opening in the diaphragm allows passage of the inferior vena cava? A) Aortic hiatus B) Sternocostal triangle C) Oesophageal hiatus D) Caval opening The caval opening, located at T8, allows the inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve to pass through the diaphragm. 3 / 10 What structure passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm? A) Aorta B) Phrenic nerve C) Inferior vena cava D) Esophagus The aortic hiatus, located at T12, allows passage of the aorta and thoracic duct. 4 / 10 What is the anatomical landmark for the caval opening? A) Central tendon at T8 B) Costal part at T10 C) Lumbar part at T12 D) Sternal origin The caval opening is located in the central tendon at the T8 vertebral level. 5 / 10 Which nerves pass through the caval opening? A) Right phrenic nerve B) Sympathetic nerve trunk C) Left vagus nerve D) Left phrenic nerve The right phrenic nerve passes through the caval opening alongside the inferior vena cava. 6 / 10 From which vertebral levels do the right and left crura of the diaphragm arise? A) L2-L4 B) L1-L4 C) T11-T12 D) L1-L3 (right), L1-L2 (left) The right crus arises from L1–L3 vertebral bodies, while the left crus arises from L1–L2 vertebral bodies. 7 / 10 What ligament of the diaphragm is associated with the quadratus lumborum muscle? A) Median arcuate ligament B) Crural ligament C) Medial arcuate ligament D) Lateral arcuate ligament The lateral arcuate ligament arches over the quadratus lumborum muscle, providing structural support to this muscle. 8 / 10 Which diaphragm part allows the passage of the thoracic duct? A) Sternocostal triangle B) Lumbocostal triangle C) Aortic hiatus D) Caval opening The aortic hiatus transmits the thoracic duct alongside the aorta. 9 / 10 Which muscle is associated with the lateral arcuate ligament of the diaphragm? A) Psoas major B) Rectus abdominis C) Quadratus lumborum D) Internal oblique The lateral arcuate ligament arches over the quadratus lumborum muscle. 10 / 10 What is the function of the sternocostal triangle (trigonum sternocostale)? A) Sympathetic trunk B) Splanchnic nerves C) Thoracic duct D) Internal thoracic artery and vein The sternocostal triangle allows passage of the internal thoracic artery and vein through the diaphragm. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the diaphragm, including its parts, origin points, openings, and coverings. Diaphragm Parts Central Tendinous Part Muscular Part Main Muscle of Inspiration Origin Points Lumbar Part Right Crus: Crus dextrum Left Crus: Crus sinistrum Suspensory Muscle of Duodenum: (Muscle of Treitz) Lateral Arcuate Ligament (Quadratus Lumborum Muscle) Median Arcuate Ligament (Aorta) Medial Arcuate Ligament (Psoas Major Muscle) Costal Part Sternal Part Xiphoid Process of Sternum Openings of the Diaphragm Caval Opening (Foramen Venae Cavae) Structures Passing Through: Inferior Vena Cava Right Phrenic Nerve Oesophageal Hiatus (Hiatus Oesophageus) Structures Passing Through: Esophagus Vagus Nerve (N. Vagus) Aortic Hiatus (Hiatus Aorticus) Structures Passing Through: Aorta Thoracic Duct Sternocostal Triangle (Trigonum Sternocostale) Structures Passing Through: Internal Thoracic Vein Internal Thoracic Artery Lumbocostal Triangle (Trigonum Lumbocostale) Also known as “Bochdalek’s Foramen“ Lumbar Part (Pars Lumborum) Structures Passing Through: Sympathetic Trunk Splanchnic Nerves Azygos Vein Coverings of the Diaphragm Endothoracic Fascia (Fascia Endothoracica) Diaphragmatic Part of Parietal Pleura Endoabdominal Fascia (Fascia Endoabdominalis) Peritoneum Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the whole anatomy of the Diaphragm.0:08Aight, so here you see the anterior view of the thorax and the abdomen. The Lungs, as you seeDiaphragm Function0:13here, are located within the thoracic cavity. While organs like your liver, and intestines,0:18are a part of the abdominal cavity. Now between the Thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity,0:24there’s gonna be a large muscle called the Diaphragm, which is our muscle for today.0:26Just by looking at the diaphragm, you can see that it consists of two main parts. There’s a0:31central tendinous part, and a muscular part around the central tendinous part. And the main reason0:37why we need to diaphragm, is because when the muscle fibers contract, they’ll pull the central0:42tendinous part down. That’ll increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, and decrease the pressure,0:48so that air can easily come in into the lungs. So the diaphragm is our main muscle of0:52inspiration. One that e can’t live without. So let’s go ahead and isolate the diaphragmContent0:57and understand the actual anatomy of it. So in this video, we’ll first cover the1:02three origin points. Which are the Lumbar part, the costal part and the sternal part.1:06After that, we’re going to look at the openings of the diaphragm, basically which1:10structures go through it. and then we’ll see what type of coverings it has from both sides.1:15So, let’s start with the origin points, and do the lumbar part first.Lumbar Origin1:19Now the lumbar attachment of the diaphragm is from this area so let’s go ahead and focus on that.1:24The main thing you can see looking at the lumbar part of the diaphragm1:28are two muscular fibers going down along the vertebral column, called the Right crus,1:33and the Left Crus. The right crus being longer than the left crus as you see here.1:38Don’t get confused by this long structure here, it’s called suspensory muscle of the duodenum. It1:43just goes down and grabs the duodenum to keep a certain part of it flexed. It’s not a part1:49of the origin points and it’s not a part of the lumbar part, so don’t mind this structure for

Muscles of the Thorax

Muscles of the Thorax (Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Muscles of the Thorax – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which layer of the thoracic fascia forms the suprapleural membrane? A) Endothoracic fascia B) Pectoral fascia C) Clavipectoral fascia D) Thoracic fascia The endothoracic fascia forms the suprapleural membrane and stabilizes the pleural apex. 2 / 10 Which muscle originates from the transverse processes of T7–T10? A) Subcostal muscles B) External intercostals C) Subclavius D) Levatores costarum longi The levatores costarum longi originates from these transverse processes and elevates the ribs. 3 / 10 Which thoracic muscle is referred to as the “kissing muscle”? A) Orbicularis oris B) External intercostals C) Subclavius D) Transverse thoracis The orbicularis oris is involved in closing the lips tightly and is colloquially referred to as the “kissing muscle.” 4 / 10 What is the insertion of the subclavius muscle? A) Subclavian groove on clavicle B) Ribs 1–3 C) Medial scapular border D) Crest of greater tubercle The subclavius inserts into the subclavian groove on the clavicle. 5 / 10 What is the origin of the transverse thoracis muscle? A) Costal cartilage ribs 4–7 B) Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae C) Internal surface of sternum D) Superior surface of rib below The transverse thoracis originates from the internal surface of the sternum and xiphoid process. 6 / 10 Which thoracic muscle inserts into the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus? A) Internal intercostals B) Transverse thoracis C) Pectoralis major D) Subcostal muscles The pectoralis major muscle inserts into the humerus and contributes to arm adduction and internal rotation. 7 / 10 Which muscle inserts into the medial border of the scapula? A) Transverse thoracis B) Pectoralis minor C) Subclavius D) Serratus anterior The serratus anterior inserts into the medial border of the scapula, protracting and stabilizing it against the thoracic wall. 8 / 10 Which muscle originates from the internal surface of the sternum and xiphoid process? A) Transverse thoracis B) Internal intercostals C) Levatores costarum D) Subcostal muscles The transverse thoracis muscle helps in depressing the ribs during forced expiration. 9 / 10 Which thoracic fascia is continuous with the superficial abdominal fascia? A) Endothoracic fascia B) Clavipectoral fascia C) Pectoral fascia D) Thoracic fascia The pectoral fascia is continuous with the superficial abdominal fascia. 10 / 10 Which thoracic muscle is innervated by the subclavian nerve? A) Serratus anterior B) Levatores costarum C) Pectoralis minor D) Subclavius The subclavius muscle is innervated by the subclavian nerve and stabilizes the clavicle. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the thorax, including their origins, insertions, and classifications. Superficial Muscles Thoracohumeral Muscles Subclavius Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major Deep Muscles Proper Muscles of the Thorax External Intercostal Muscles Internal Intercostal Muscles Subcostal Muscles Transverse Thoracis Levatores Costarum Superficial Muscles Subclavius (Musculus Subclavius) Origin: First Rib Insertion: Lower surface of Clavicle Serratus Anterior (Musculus Serratus Anterior) Origin: External Surface of Ribs 1-9 Insertion: Medial Border of Scapula Pectoralis Minor (Musculus Pectoralis Minor) Origin: External Surface of Ribs 3-5 Insertion: Coracoid Process of Scapula (Processus coracoideus scapulae) Pectoralis Major (Musculus Pectoralis Major) Clavicular Part: Pars Clavicularis Sternocostal Part: Pars Sternocostalis Abdominal Part: Pars Abdominalis Insertion: Crest of the Greater Tubercle (Crista tuberculi majoris humeri) Deep Muscles Subcostal Muscles (Musculi Subcostales) Origin: Lower Rib Insertion: Upper Rib Transverse Thoracis (Musculus Transversus Thoracis) Origin: Internal Surface of Sternum Xiphoid Process Cartilage of 4th-7th Rib Insertion: Cartilage of 2nd-6th Rib Internal Intercostal Muscles (Musculi Intercostales Interni) Origin: Lower Rib Insertion: Upper Rib External Intercostal Muscles (Musculi Intercostales Externi) Origin: Upper Rib Insertion: Lower Rib Levatores Costarum (Musculi Levatores Costarum) Levatores Costarum Breves Origin: Transverse Process C7-T11 Insertion: One Rib Below Levatores Costarum Longi Origin: Transverse Process T8-T11 Insertion: Two Ribs Below Transcript Introduction0:03Hey what’s up. Meditay here and in this video,0:06we’re gonna talk about the superficial and the deep muscles of the thorax. Alright, dependingDivision of the Thoracic Muscles0:11on the source you’re studying from, muscles of the thorax may be divided into 3 groups.0:15The first group are the superficial muscles of the thorax, or also called the thoracohumeral muscles0:21because they act on the upper limb movement as well. These are the Subclavius, Serratus Anterior,0:26Pectoralis Minor and Pectoralis Major. Then we have the Deep muscles of the Thorax,0:32which are also called the Proper muscles of the thorax because they both originate0:36and insert in the thorax. These are the External Intercostal muscle. Internal Intercostal muscles.0:42Subcostal muscles, transverse thoracis and then the levatores Costarum.0:47The 3rd group is the Diaphragm. It’s also considered as a muscle of the Thorax. We’re0:52not gonna talk about the diaphragm in this video, there’s gonna be a separate video on that one.0:57So in this video, we’re first going to talk about the 4 superficial muscles, and then do1:02the 5 deep muscles in the thorax. Awesome. So, the subclavius muscle is located here.Subclavius Muscle1:08It’s sub-clavius so it’s under the clavicle. It originates at the first rib as you see here,1:15and it inserts at the lower surface of the clavicle. So, when this muscle contracts, it1:20stabilized the clavicle by pulling it downwards. Next, we have the Serratus Anterior muscle. TheseSerratus Anterior1:26are large muscle fiber groups located on the lateral aspect of the 1-9th rib.1:31So it originates from the external surface of the ribs 1-9; and it inserts1:37at the medial border of the scapula, back here. Just to visualize it better, here you see the1:42superior view of it. You see it goes back and attaches to the medial margin of the scapula.1:48And when they contract, they pull the medial margin of the scapula forward,1:53which help flex the arm. So that’s the serratus anterior. Next is the Pectoralis Minor.Pectoralis Minor2:00The pec minor