Thoracolumbar Fascia
Thoracolumbar Fascia Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Thoracolumbar Fascia – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which muscle group does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia provide attachment for? A) Erector spinae B) Abdominal muscles C) Psoas major D) Transversospinal muscles The erector spinae group is attached to the posterior layer. 2 / 10 How many layers does the thoracolumbar fascia have? A) One B) Two C) Four D) Three The thoracolumbar fascia is divided into three layers: anterior, middle, and posterior. 3 / 10 Which fascia layer is directly involved in stabilizing the lumbar region during heavy lifting? A) Anterior layer B) Middle layer C) Deep layer D) Posterior layer The posterior layer plays a key role in stabilization during heavy lifting. 4 / 10 What is the anatomical relationship of the quadratus lumborum to the thoracolumbar fascia? A) Enclosed by the middle layer B) Unrelated to the thoracolumbar fascia C) Attached to the anterior layer D) Covered by the posterior layer The quadratus lumborum is enclosed by the middle layer. 5 / 10 Which muscles are supported by the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia? A) Rectus abdominis B) Psoas major C) Erector spinae muscles D) Abdominal wall muscles The erector spinae muscles are supported by the posterior layer. 6 / 10 Which nerves pass close to the thoracolumbar fascia? A) Thoracic and cervical nerves B) Sciatic and pudendal nerves C) Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves D) Femoral and obturator nerves The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves pass close to the fascia. 7 / 10 What anatomical structure is supported by the thoracolumbar fascia during rotation? A) Lumbar vertebrae B) Sacrum C) Thoracic spine D) Pelvis The lumbar vertebrae are supported during rotation. 8 / 10 Which layer of the thoracolumbar fascia assists in lateral flexion of the spine? A) Anterior layer B) Superficial layer C) Posterior layer D) Middle layer The middle layer assists in lateral flexion. 9 / 10 Which nerve runs close to the thoracolumbar fascia in the lumbar region? A) Iliohypogastric nerve B) Subcostal nerve C) Genitofemoral nerve D) Femoral nerve The iliohypogastric nerve runs close to the thoracolumbar fascia. 10 / 10 Which muscle contributes to the formation of the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia? A) Quadratus lumborum B) Transverse abdominis C) Psoas major D) Latissimus dorsi The latissimus dorsi contributes to the posterior layer. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video is about the Thoracolumbar Fascia (Fascia Thoracolumbalis), its structure, and the muscles associated with its different layers. Thoracolumbar Fascia (Fascia Thoracolumbalis) Posterior Layer (Lamina Posterior) Associated with Deep Back Muscles Middle Layer (Lamina Media) Quadratus Lumborum Transverse Abdominal Internal Oblique External Oblique Anterior Layer (Lamina Anterior) Psoas Major Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be going through the thoracolumbar fascia.0:08The thoracolumbar fascia is a large roughly diamond shapes area of connective tissue inThoracolumbar Fascia0:13the lumbar region, as you see here. The good thing with this fascia is that it organizes0:18muscles in the lumbar region into groups and it also functions as a main attachment0:23point to large muscles like the trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi and the Gluteus Maximus.0:28And to go through this fascia, we need to look at a cross section of the back. So here’s aParts of the Thoracolumbar Fascia0:33superior view of one of the Lumbar vertebra. The thoracolumbar fascia is organized into0:39three layers. It has a Posterior Layer, which is the most superficial. It has a middle layer,0:44as you see here. And it has an anterior layer. Aight. So, the Posterior Layer, cover all0:50the deep back muscles, You know all the muscles of the transversospinal system,0:54of the spinotransverse system and the spinospinal system, this one is going to cover them.1:00Between the middle layer and the anterior layer, there’s the quadratus lumborum,1:04which is the posterior muscle of the abdomen. Then, from the anterior layer and the middle1:09layer, you’ll find the lateral abdominal muscles attached to them,1:12like the transverse abdominal muscle, and the Internal oblique muscle. The external oblique1:18is indirectly attached to the thoracolumbar fascia, not directly, as you see here.1:23And then the anterior layer is going to cover the psoas major from the posterior surface.1:28So that was everything I had for the Thoracolumabr fascia, and I hope that was helpful. Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations Thoracolumbar Fascia – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. Start Become a Member You have to become a member before you can access the Notes and the Quizzes. Membership Plans Description This video is about the Thoracolumbar Fascia (Fascia Thoracolumbalis), its structure, and the muscles associated with its different layers. Thoracolumbar Fascia (Fascia Thoracolumbalis) Posterior Layer (Lamina Posterior) Associated with Deep Back Muscles Middle Layer (Lamina Media) Quadratus Lumborum Transverse Abdominal Internal Oblique External Oblique Anterior Layer (Lamina Anterior) Psoas Major Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be going through the thoracolumbar fascia.0:08The thoracolumbar fascia is a large roughly diamond shapes area of connective tissue inThoracolumbar Fascia0:13the lumbar region, as you see here. The good thing with this fascia is that it organizes0:18muscles in the lumbar region into groups and it also functions as a main attachment0:23point to large muscles like the trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi and the Gluteus Maximus.0:28And to go through this fascia, we need to look at a cross section of the back. So here’s aParts of the Thoracolumbar Fascia0:33superior view of one of the Lumbar vertebra. The thoracolumbar fascia is organized into0:39three layers. It has a Posterior Layer, which is the most superficial. It has a middle layer,0:44as you see here. And it has an anterior layer. Aight. So, the
Deep Back Muscles
Deep Back Muscles (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Deep Back Muscles – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which muscle is part of the transversospinal system and inserts on the spinous process of the second vertebra above its origin? A) Intertransversarii B) Multifidi breves C) Rotatores breves D) Rotatores longi The rotatores longi muscles fit this description. 2 / 10 Which deep back muscle is the largest and most developed in the lumbar region? A) Multifidi B) Spinalis C) Interspinales D) Rotatores The multifidi muscles are largest in the lumbar region. 3 / 10 What is the function of the obliquus capitis inferior? A) Rotation of the atlas on the axis B) Extension of the thoracic spine C) Lateral flexion of the cervical spine D) Flexion of the cervical spine It rotates the atlas on the axis. 4 / 10 What is the function of the spinalis thoracis muscle? A) Extension of the thoracic spine B) Flexion of the lumbar spine C) Lateral flexion of the spine D) Rotation of the cervical spine It extends the thoracic spine. 5 / 10 What is the primary function of the semispinalis capitis? A) Rotation of the cervical spine B) Stabilization of the cervical spine C) Lateral flexion of the head D) Extension and contralateral rotation of the head and neck It extends the head and neck and rotates them contralaterally. 6 / 10 What is the function of the iliocostalis cervicis muscle? A) Stabilization of the thoracic spine B) Lateral flexion and extension of the cervical spine C) Flexion of the cervical spine D) Rotation of the cervical spine It assists with lateral flexion and extension of the cervical spine. 7 / 10 Which muscle extends and stabilizes the lumbar spine? A) Interspinales B) Longissimus C) Multifidi D) Rotatores The multifidi muscles extend and stabilize the lumbar spine. 8 / 10 Which muscle connects adjacent transverse processes in the cervical region? A) Interspinales B) Intertransversarii C) Rotatores D) Multifidi The intertransversarii muscles connect adjacent transverse processes. 9 / 10 Which muscle originates from the transverse process of C1 and inserts onto the occipital bone? A) Rectus capitis posterior minor B) Rectus capitis posterior major C) Obliquus capitis superior D) Obliquus capitis inferior This describes the obliquus capitis superior muscle. 10 / 10 What is the origin of the semispinalis thoracis? A) Transverse processes of C1-T5 B) Spinous processes of T10-L3 C) Spinous processes of T1-T8 D) Transverse processes of T6-T11 It originates from the transverse processes of T6-T11. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the deep muscles of the back, organized into different layers and muscle systems. Deep Muscles of the Back 3rd Layer Suboccipital Muscles System of Short Muscles 2nd Layer Transversospinal System 1st Layer (Superficial) Spinospinal System Spinotransverse System 1. Suboccipital Muscles System of deep muscles of the neck. Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor (Musculus Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor) Origin: Posterior Tubercle of Atlas (C1) Insertion: Occipital Bone below Inferior Nuchal Line Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (Musculus Rectus Capitis Posterior Major) Origin: Spinous Process of Axis (C2) Insertion: Occipital Bone – Inferior Nuchal Line Obliquus Capitis Superior (Musculus Obliquus Capitis Superior) Origin: Transverse Process of Atlas (C1) Insertion: Occipital Bone – Inferior Nuchal Line Obliquus Capitis Inferior (Musculus Obliquus Capitis Inferior) Origin: Spinous Process of Axis (C2) Insertion: Transverse Process of Atlas (C1) 2. System of Short Muscles Short muscles connecting adjacent vertebrae. Interspinales (Musculi Interspinales) Developed mainly in the cervical and lumbar regions. Origin: Spinous Process of vertebra below Insertion: Spinous Process of vertebra above Intertransversarii (Musculi Intertransversales) Mostly developed in the cervical region. Located between transverse processes. Origin: Transverse Process of vertebra below Insertion: Transverse Process of vertebra above 3. Transversospinal System Runs from the transverse process of a lower vertebra to the spinous process of an upper vertebra. Rotatores (Musculi Rotatores) Located in the thoracic vertebrae. Long Rotatores (Musculi Rotatores Longi) Origin: Transverse Process of vertebra below Insertion: Spinous Process of 2 vertebrae above Short Rotatores (Musculi Rotatores Breves) Origin: Transverse Process of vertebra below Insertion: Spinous Process of 1 vertebra above Multifidi (Musculi Multifidi) Fills space lateral to spinous processes. Most distinctive in the lumbar region. Short Multifidi (Musculi Multifidi Breves) Origin: Transverse Process of vertebra below Insertion: Spinous Process of 2 vertebrae above Long Multifidi (Musculi Multifidi Longi) Origin: Transverse Process of vertebra below Insertion: Spinous Process of 3 vertebrae above Semispinalis (Musculi Semispinales) Divided into thoracis, cervicis, and capitis. Semispinalis Thoracis (Musculi Semispinalis Thoracis) Origin: Transverse Process of T6-T11 Insertion: Spinous Process of C6-T4 Semispinalis Cervicis (Musculi Semispinalis Cervicis) Origin: Transverse Process of T1-T6 Insertion: Spinous Process of C2-C5 Semispinalis Capitis (Musculi Semispinalis Capitis) Origin: Transverse Process of C4-T6 Insertion: Occipital Bone – Between Inferior and Superior Nuchal Line 4. Spinospinal System Spinalis (Musculus Spinalis) Spinalis Cervicis (Musculus Spinalis Cervicis) Origin: Spinous Process of C6-T2 Insertion: Spinous Process of C2-C4 Spinalis Thoracis (Musculus Spinalis Thoracis) Origin: Spinous Process of T10-L3 Insertion: Spinous Process of T1-T8 5. Spinotransverse System Longissimus (Musculus Longissimus) Splenius (Musculus Splenius) Iliocostalis (Musculus Iliocostalis) Transcript Introduction0:03Hey What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the Deep muscles0:07of the back. Alright. Generally, the muscles of the back consist of superficial musclesDivision of the Back Muscles0:12and deep muscles. The superficial muscles consist of the The trapezius and Latissimus,0:17which are the 1st layer. The 2nd layer are the Rhomboid Major Minor and Levator0:22Scapula, and the 3rd layer of muscles consists of the Serratus Posterior superior and inferior.0:29And when you remove these three layers, you’ll finally get to the Deep muscles of the back.Division of the Deep Back Muscles0:34Now the deep muscles of the back are categorized based on their shape and structure and location.0:40Generally,
Superficial Back Muscles
Superficial Back Muscles (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Superficial Back Muscles – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which muscle assists in respiration by elevating the ribs? A) Rhomboid major B) Latissimus dorsi C) Trapezius D) Serratus posterior superior The serratus posterior superior elevates the ribs, aiding in inspiration. 2 / 10 Which muscle depresses the ribs during expiration? A) Serratus posterior superior B) Rhomboid major C) Serratus posterior inferior D) Latissimus dorsi The serratus posterior inferior assists in expiration by pulling the ribs downward. 3 / 10 Which muscle forms the lower border of the posterior axillary fold? A) Serratus posterior inferior B) Rhomboid minor C) Latissimus dorsi D) Trapezius The latissimus dorsi forms the lower border of the posterior axillary fold. 4 / 10 Which superficial back muscle is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve? A) Latissimus dorsi B) Rhomboid minor C) Serratus posterior superior D) Trapezius The rhomboids and levator scapulae are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve. 5 / 10 Which muscle attaches to the acromion of the scapula? A) Latissimus dorsi B) Trapezius C) Rhomboid minor D) Serratus posterior inferior The trapezius inserts onto the acromion of the scapula. 6 / 10 What is the insertion point of the rhomboid minor? A) Medial border of scapula B) Spine of scapula C) Inferior angle of scapula D) Acromion process It inserts on the medial border of the scapula, above the rhomboid major. 7 / 10 Which muscle is part of the first layer of the superficial back muscles? A) Rhomboid minor B) Levator scapulae C) Serratus posterior inferior D) Trapezius The first layer includes large muscles like the trapezius. 8 / 10 Which superficial back muscle originates from the external occipital protuberance and inserts onto the clavicle? A) Trapezius B) Serratus posterior superior C) Rhomboid major D) Latissimus dorsi The trapezius originates from the external occipital protuberance and attaches to the clavicle. 9 / 10 Where does the rhomboid major originate? A) Spinous processes of T6-T12 B) Spinous processes of T1-T4 C) Lateral border of the scapula D) Superior nuchal line It originates from the spinous processes of T1-T4. 10 / 10 Which part of the trapezius is responsible for scapular elevation? A) Inferior B) Superior C) Middle D) All parts The superior part elevates the scapula. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video is about the superficial muscles of the back, their anatomical layers, origins, insertions, and functions. Superficial Muscles of the Back Muscles of the 1st Layer Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Muscles of the 2nd Layer Rhomboid Major Rhomboid Minor Levator Scapulae Muscles of the 3rd Layer Serratus Posterior Superior Serratus Posterior Inferior Trapezius (Musculus Trapezius) Superior Part Origin: Superior Nuchal Line External Occipital Protuberance Nuchal Ligament Insertion: Acromial End of Clavicle Acromion of Scapula Middle Part Origin: Spinous Process of C7-T3/T4 Insertion: Spine and Acromion of Scapula Inferior Part Origin: Spinous Process of T4-T12 Insertion: Spine of Scapula Latissimus Dorsi (Musculus Latissimus Dorsi) Origin: Spinous Process of T7-T12 Thoracolumbar Fascia Iliac Crest Inferior Surface of Ribs 9-12 Inferior Angle of Scapula Insertion: Crest of Lesser Tubercle (Humerus) (Crista Tuberculi Minoris Humeri) Rhomboid Major (Musculus Rhomboideus Major) Origin: Spinous Process of T1-T4 Insertion: Lower 2/3 of Medial Border of Scapula (Margo Medialis Scapulae) Function: Elevates and retracts the scapula Internal rotation of the scapula Rhomboid Minor (Musculus Rhomboideus Minor) Origin: Spinous Process of C6-C7 Insertion: Upper 1/3 of Medial Border of Scapula (Margo Medialis Scapulae) Function: Elevates and retracts the scapula Internal rotation of the scapula Levator Scapulae (Musculus Levator Scapulae) Origin: Spinous Process of C1-C4 Insertion: Superior Angle of Scapula (Angulus Superior Scapulae) Function: Elevates the scapula Serratus Posterior Superior (Musculus Serratus Posterior Superior) Origin: Spinous Process of C6-T2 Insertion: External Surface of 2nd-5th Ribs Function: Elevates the ribs (Inspiration) Serratus Posterior Inferior (Musculus Serratus Posterior Inferior) Origin: Spinous Process of T11-L2 Insertion: External Surface of 9th-12th Ribs Function: Pulls the ribs downward (Expiration) Transcript Introduction0:03Hey What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the Superficial muscles of0:08the back. Alright. Generally, the muscles of the back consist of superficial musclesDivision of the Superficial Muscles0:13and deep muscles. So let’s take a closer look at the superficial muscles.0:17These muscles are divided into layers. So, the 1st layer is the most superficial one.0:22It consist of the Trapezius, as you see here, and the Latissimus Dorsi.0:27The 2nd layer are the Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor and Levator Scapula, and the 3rd layer of0:33muscles consists of the Serratus Posterior superior and Serratus Posterior inferior.0:39So these are the muscles we’re going to go through throughout this video.0:42We’ll start with the 1st Layer, the Trapezius. Now the trapezius Is this large muscleTrapezius0:48that take up the majority of your shoulders. They can also be classified as a cardiothoracic muscle,0:53in addition to being one of the superficial muscles of the back.0:57Now the Trapezius consists of 3 parts. There’s a Superior Part, a Middle part and an inferior part.1:04The superior part will originate from the Superior nuchal line, the external occipital protuberance,1:10and the nuchal ligament. It’s then going to insert1:13at the Acromial end of the clavicle, as you see here, as well as the acromion of the scapula.1:19Then we have the middle part, which originates from the spinous process of the C7-T3 or T4,1:26and it’s going to insert at the Spine of the Scapula as you see here, and the acromion.1:32Then we have the Inferior Part, which originates from the spinous process of T4-T121:38and insert at the spine of scapula as well. Ok. So what is the function of the Trapezius?1:44The Inferior part will pull the shoulder downwards, Middle and superior fibers1:49will pull the scapula towards the midline, as well as elevating the scapula. They may
Fascia of the Abdomen
Fascia of the Abdomen (Superficial, Investing Abdominal, Endoabdominal) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Members Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Members Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Fascia of the Abdomen – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which fascia surrounds the psoas major muscle? A) Psoas fascia B) Transversalis fascia C) Thoracolumbar fascia D) Iliac fascia The psoas fascia encloses the psoas major muscle. 2 / 10 Which layer of fascia forms the floor of the inguinal canal? A) Transversalis fascia B) Scarpa's fascia C) Iliac fascia D) Camper's fascia The transversalis fascia forms the floor of the inguinal canal. 3 / 10 What is the role of the vincula tendinum in tendon sheaths? A) Reduces friction B) Lubricates tendons C) Supplies nutrients to tendons D) Provides structural support Vincula tendinum supply nutrients to tendons within tendon sheaths. 4 / 10 What forms the outermost layer of the abdominal wall fascia? A) Investing abdominal fascia B) Thoracolumbar fascia C) Superficial fascia D) Endoabdominal fascia The superficial fascia forms the outermost layer of the abdominal wall fascia, comprising Camper’s and Scarpa’s layers. 5 / 10 What is the role of the transversalis fascia in hernia formation? A) Contributes to hernia formation B) Protects the lumbar spine C) Facilitates abdominal wall movement D) Stabilizes the iliac crest Weakness in the transversalis fascia can contribute to the development of inguinal hernias. 6 / 10 Which layer of fascia provides mechanical support and organization? A) Iliac fascia B) Camper's fascia C) Psoas fascia D) Scarpa's fascia Scarpa’s fascia lies beneath Camper’s fascia and provides mechanical support and structural organization. 7 / 10 What anatomical structure passes through the saphenous opening? A) Great saphenous vein B) Inferior vena cava C) Femoral artery D) Superficial epigastric vein The great saphenous vein passes through the saphenous opening in the fascia lata. 8 / 10 What is the primary anatomical location of the iliac fascia? A) Rectus sheath B) Thoracolumbar fascia C) Over the iliacus muscle D) Between internal oblique and external oblique The iliac fascia lies over the iliacus muscle, blending with the psoas fascia and extending to the pelvic brim. 9 / 10 What is the primary role of Camper’s fascia? A) Insulation and energy storage B) Stabilization of lumbar spine C) Protection from infections D) Structural support Camper’s fascia provides insulation, energy storage, and cushioning as the fatty layer of superficial abdominal fascia. 10 / 10 The transversalis fascia lies between which two structures? A) Transverse abdominal muscle and peritoneum B) Quadratus lumborum and iliac fascia C) Rectus sheath and internal oblique D) External oblique and Camper's fascia The transversalis fascia lies between the transverse abdominal muscle and the peritoneum. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video is about the fascia of the abdomen, including its different layers and anatomical significance. Muscles of the Abdomen Lateral Group External Oblique Internal Oblique Transverse Abdominal Anterior Group Rectus Abdominis Pyramidalis Posterior Group Quadratus Lumborum Superficial Fascia (Fascia Superficialis) Fascia of Camper Fascia of Scarpa Investing Abdominal Fascia (Fascia Investiens Abdominis) Superficial Layer Intermediate Layer Deep Layer Endoabdominal Fascia (Fascia Endoabdominalis) Transversalis Fascia (Fascia Transversalis) Iliac Fascia (Fascia Iliaca) Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be going through0:06the Fascia you’ll find in the Abdomen. So the fascia of the abdomen vover theMuscles of the Abdomen0:11muscles of the abdomen from both the external and internal side. So here I’ve cut through all the0:16muscle layers of the abdomen. And remember, they consist of the external oblique, Internal Oblique0:22and Transverse Abdominal Muscle. These three at considered as the lateral abdominal muscles.0:27And we have the Anterior abdominal Muscles, like the Rectus Abdominis.0:30Our goal in this video is to go through the fascia that you’ll find wrapping around these muscles,0:36and separating them from the organs within the abdominal cavityContent0:39So In this video, we’re going to go through the Superficial Fascia,0:43we’ll go thrgouh the Investing Abdominal Fascia. And we’ll go thrgouh the Endoabdominal Fascia.0:48And to do that, we’ll have to make a transverse cut of the abdomen. Remove the upper half,0:53and look at it from this perspective. And now we’re gonna try to draw all0:57the structures and go through them as we do that. First we have the Skin.1:01And right underneath the skin layers, we’ll find the adipose tissue, or fat cells. Underneath the1:07fat cells, we can find the External Oblique. Internal Oblique, and Transverse Abdominal1:12Muscle. And in the middle here we can find the Rectus Abdominis muscle. So this is a very1:16schematic outline of the abdominal muscles. The first fascia we’re gonna go thrgouh isSuperficial Fascia1:21associated with the fat Layer. The fascia that cover the fat layer from the superficial side1:26is called Fascia of Camper. And the fascia that cover it from the inner side, is called1:31Fascia of Scarpa. The two layers of fascia together, form the so called Superficial Fascia.1:38So that’s the first one in our list. Next we have a Fascia called Investing Abdominal Fascia.Investing Abdominal Fascia1:45And as the name implies, this fascia is going to surround the abdominal muscles.1:49So the investing abdominal fascia si divided into three layers.1:54First is the Superficial investing abdominal fascia, aurrounding the external oblique.1:59Then there’s the Intermediate Investing abdominal fascia, surrounding the internal Oblique.2:04Then there’s the Deep investing abdominal fascia, surrounding the transverse abdominal muscle. Now.2:10Underneath the Deep investing abdominal fascia, that’s where you’ll find the third fascia we’reEndoabdominal Fascia2:15gonna talk about, called the endoabdominal fascia. And just underneath the endoabdominal fascia,2:21that’s where you’ll find the Parietal peritoneum, which over all of your internal organs.2:28Now, the endoabdominal fascia is actually divided into certain parts depending on the location of2:34it, So let’s look at that a little bit. So now we’re gonna draw the lateral view of he abdomen.2:38First we have the Skin, then the Fat cells, then The external oblique, Internal Oblique
Muscles of the Abdomen
Muscles of the Abdomen (Groups, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Members Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Members Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Abdominal Muscles – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Where does the rectus abdominis originate? A) Pubic symphysis and crest B) Iliac crest C) Xiphoid process D) Costal cartilages of ribs 5–7 The rectus abdominis originates from the pubic symphysis and pubic crest. 2 / 10 What is the function of the cremaster muscle in males? A) Compresses abdominal contents B) Elevates the testis C) Flexes the hip D) Stabilizes the pelvis The cremaster muscle elevates the testis and scrotum to regulate temperature. 3 / 10 The pyramidalis muscle is absent in approximately what percentage of people? A) 20% B) 25% C) 10% D) 5% The pyramidalis is absent in around 20% of the population. 4 / 10 What is the function of the external oblique muscle during bilateral contraction? A) Laterally flexes the trunk B) Compresses abdominal contents C) Flexes the trunk D) Rotates the trunk The external oblique flexes the trunk during bilateral contraction. 5 / 10 Which abdominal muscle is considered part of the posterior group? A) External oblique B) Quadratus lumborum C) Transverse abdominal D) Internal oblique The quadratus lumborum belongs to the posterior abdominal group. 6 / 10 The cremaster muscle is formed by fibers of which two muscles? A) Quadratus lumborum and external oblique B) Rectus abdominis and external oblique C) Internal oblique and transverse abdominal D) Pyramidalis and rectus abdominis The cremaster muscle is formed by the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles. 7 / 10 Which abdominal muscle inserts into the linea alba and the pubic crest? A) Transverse abdominal B) Internal oblique C) Pyramidalis D) External oblique The transverse abdominal muscle inserts into these structures. 8 / 10 Which layer of fascia lies directly under Camper’s fascia? A) Transversalis fascia B) Investing fascia C) Thoracolumbar fascia D) Scarpa's fascia Scarpa’s fascia is the membranous layer beneath Camper’s fascia. 9 / 10 What is the insertion point of the external oblique muscle? A) Linea alba and iliac crest B) Xiphoid process C) Pubic symphysis D) Inguinal ligament The external oblique inserts into the linea alba and the iliac crest. 10 / 10 Which abdominal muscle tenses the linea alba? A) Rectus abdominis B) Internal oblique C) Transverse abdominal D) Pyramidalis The pyramidalis muscle tenses the linea alba. Your score is The average score is 0% Description Small correction: The rectus abdominis originates from the pubic crest and symphysis and inserts into the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5–7. I mistakenly swapped the origin and insertion in the video. Apologies for the error! Muscles of the Abdomen Lateral Group External Oblique Internal Oblique Transverse Abdominal Anterior Group Rectus Abdominis Pyramidalis Posterior Group Quadratus Lumborum Posterior Group Quadratus Lumborum (Musculus Quadratus Lumborum) Origin: Iliac Crest Iliolumbar Ligament Insertion: 12th Rib Costal Process of L1-L4 Function: Extension of Trunk (Bilateral Contraction) Lateroflexion of Trunk (Unilateral Contraction) Anterior Group Pyramidalis (Musculus Pyramidalis) Origin: Superior Pubic Ramus Insertion: Linea Alba Function: Tenses Linea Alba and Strengthens the Rectus Sheath Rectus Abdominis (Musculus Rectus Abdominis) Origin: Pubic Crest Pubic Symphysis Insertion: Xiphoid Process Costal Cartilage of 5th – 7th Rib Function: Ventral Flexion of Trunk Expiration Muscle Lateral Group Transverse Abdominal (Musculus Transversus Abdominis) Origin: Inguinal Ligament Iliac Crest Thoracolumbar Fascia 7th – 12th Ribs Insertion: Linea Alba Function: Rotation of the Trunk Expiration Muscle Internal Oblique (Musculus Obliquus Internus Abdominis) Origin: Inguinal Ligament Iliac Crest Thoracolumbar Fascia Insertion: Linea Alba 10th – 12th Ribs Function: Ventral Flexion of Trunk (Bilateral Contraction) Tilts the Trunk to the Side (Unilateral Contraction) Expiration Muscle Cremaster (Musculus Cremaster) Formed by: Internal Oblique and Transverse Abdominal Muscles External Oblique (Musculus Obliquus Externus Abdominis) Origin: 5th – 12th Ribs Insertion: Linea Alba Iliac Crest Function: Ventral Flexion of Trunk (Bilateral Contraction) Tilts the Trunk to the Side (Unilateral Contraction) Expiration Muscle Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be going through the0:07muscles you’ll find in the abdominal region. So here you see the anterior view of the Abdomen.Division of the Abdominal Muscles0:12And here I’ve cut through all the muscles of the abdomen in order to se them all. The most0:17external muscle of the abdomen is the External Oblique Muscle.0:21Then there’s the Internal Oblique muscle, and then the Transverse Oblique Muscle. These three muscles0:27are a part of the Lateral Abdominal Muscles, or lateral groups. So the muscles of the abdomen0:31are organized into three groups. And these are the lateral group. Then we have the Rectus Abdominis,0:37and a tiny muscle called Pyramidalis. These two are considered the Anterior Group of muscles.0:44And then the Posterior group has only one muscle, which is this one,0:48called the quadratus lumborum. So, these are the muscles we’re going to focus on in this video.0:53All of the muscles of the abdomen corporate in their function.0:57They corporate in flexing your abdomen, rotating it from one side to another and so on. All of them1:03also corporate with the diaphragm during breathing, and they do that by regulating1:08the intra abdominal pressure by either squeeze your abdomen, to push your air out, or releasing1:13the pressure off from your abdomen to allow the diaphragm to expand volume of the thoracic cavity1:19to push air into the lungs. Awesome. Now let’s start with the posterior group.1:23Then we’ll do the anterior group and then end with the lateral group. So the Quadratus Lumborum,Quadratus Lumborum1:28again, is situated on the posterior abdominal wall, as you see here. It originates from the1:34Iliac crest and the Iliolumbar ligament. And it inserts at the 12th rib, as well as1:39the costal processes of L1 to L4. And its function is either extension of the trunk during bilateral1:46contraction, or Lateral flexion of the trunk, if only one side
Topography of the Thigh and Leg
Topography of the Thigh and Leg (Femoral Triangle, Adductor Canal, Popliteal Fossa) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Topography of the Thigh and Leg – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which nerve is located in the muscular space of the inguinal region? A) Femoral nerve B) Genitofemoral nerve C) Obturator nerve D) Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is located in the muscular space. 2 / 10 What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle? A) Iliopsoas, Pectineus, Sartorius B) Inguinal ligament, Gracilis, Sartorius C) Adductor Magnus, Gracilis, Iliopsoas D) Inguinal ligament, Sartorius, Adductor Longus The femoral triangle is bounded by the inguinal ligament, sartorius muscle, and adductor longus. 3 / 10 Which artery passes through the adductor hiatus? A) Tibial artery B) Femoral artery C) Popliteal artery D) Deep femoral artery The femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus. 4 / 10 Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg? A) Fibular artery B) Popliteal artery C) Posterior tibial artery D) Anterior tibial artery The anterior tibial artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg. 5 / 10 What structure forms the superior boundary of the adductor canal? A) Adductor longus B) Rectus femoris C) Sartorius D) Vastus medialis The sartorius muscle forms the superior boundary of the adductor canal. 6 / 10 What forms the roof of the popliteal fossa? A) Semimembranosus B) Popliteal fascia and skin C) Gastrocnemius muscle D) Crural fascia The roof of the popliteal fossa is formed by the popliteal fascia and skin. 7 / 10 What structure passes through the adductor hiatus? A) Fibular nerve B) Femoral artery and vein C) Tibial artery D) Popliteal nerve The femoral artery and vein pass through the adductor hiatus. 8 / 10 Which structure is located within the femoral triangle? A) Popliteal artery B) Deep fibular nerve C) Femoral artery D) Obturator artery The femoral triangle contains the femoral artery, vein, and nerve. 9 / 10 Which muscle forms the anterior boundary of the adductor canal? A) Adductor magnus B) Sartorius C) Vastus medialis D) Gracilis The sartorius muscle forms the anterior boundary of the adductor canal. 10 / 10 Which structure connects the femoral triangle to the adductor canal? A) Apex of the femoral triangle B) Adductor hiatus C) Cribriform fascia D) Sartorius The apex of the femoral triangle connects it to the adductor canal. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the topography of the thigh and leg, including key anatomical structures, compartments, and their contents. Topography of the Thigh Femoral Triangle (Trigonum Femorale) Boundaries: Sartorius Muscle Adductor Longus Inguinal Ligament (Ligamentum Inguinale) Floor: Iliopsoas Pectineus Mnemonic: NAVEL (Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty Space, Lymphatics) Adductor Canal (Canalis Adductorius) Contents: Femoral Artery (Arteria Femoralis) Femoral Vein (Vena Femoralis) Boundaries: Sartorius Muscle Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus Starts: Femoral Triangle Ends: Popliteal Fossa Popliteal Fossa (Fossa Poplitea) Boundaries: Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus (Medial Upper Border) Biceps Femoris (Lateral Upper Border) Gastrocnemius Medial Head (Medial Lower Border) Gastrocnemius Lateral Head (Lateral Lower Border) Contents: Popliteal Fascia (Fascia Poplitea) Topography of the Leg Crural Fascia (Fascia Cruris) Contents: Anterior Tibial Artery and Vein Deep Fibular Nerve Fibular Artery and Vein Posterior Tibial Artery and Vein Tibial Nerve Transcript Introduction0:03In the last video, we covered the main topographical openings of the Hip. Now0:08let’s do the topography of the Thigh and the Topography of the Leg.Thigh Topography Overview0:11So the topography of the thigh consists of the Femoral Triangle,0:14Adductor Canal and the Popliteal Fossa. So let’s start with the femoral triangle.Femoral Triangle0:19The femoral triangle is a region in the anterior thigh of a triangular zone0:23that will help ou identify many structures within this part of our body. And ot help you remember0:29the sequence of the structures within the femoral triangle, I like to use the mnemonic Navel.0:34Which will help remember the order from the lateral moving medially, that the femoral nerve0:39is the most lateral structure within the space. Followed by the femoral artery. The femoral vein0:44and then the lymphatics. So let’s now take a closer look at the boundaries of this area.0:49The first thing that we’re gonna see is that the lateral border is gonna be0:52formed by the sartorius muscle. The superior border is going to0:56be the inguinal ligament, and the medial border is going to be one of the adductor1:00muscles. The adductor Longus muscle. In other words, The base of the triangle1:05is actually going to be the inguinal ligament. And the apex is directed inferiomedially.1:10Deep to the contents. The floor of this area is going to be made by the Iliopsoas laterally,1:16and the pectineus medially, as you see here. So that was the Femoral Triangle.Adductor Canal1:21Now let’s cover a canal called the adductor canal. The adductor canal is a special region within the1:27thigh, that is going to allow a passage for the femoral artery and the femoral vein to run down1:33through the thigh. And once they reach the end of the thigh, they’re going to go posteriorly1:38into a region called the popliteal fossa as these two vessels become,1:42he popliteal artery and the popliteal vein. To better visualize the canal, I’ve cut a window1:48through two of the muscles on the anterior compartment of the thigh.1:51The first of which is the sartorius muscle. As you see here. This muscle is going to form the roof of1:56the adductor canal. Meaning that the structures that is going to within this space, is going to2:01lie deep to the sartorius muscle. Therefore, I needed to cut a window through this muscle2:06to allow us to see the path of those vessels. I’ve also cut through the vastus medialis, which is one2:11of the large quadriceps muscles, which is going to be on the medial aspect of the knee.
Topography of the Hip
Topography of the Hip (Foramina, Canals, Spaces, +Femoral Canal) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Topography of the Hip – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What is the main content of the obturator canal? A) Femoral artery B) Lateral cutaneous nerve C) Obturator nerve and vessels D) Lymphatic vessels The obturator canal contains the obturator nerve and vessels. 2 / 10 Which fascia surrounds the femoral canal? A) Cribriform fascia B) Pectineal ligament C) Lacunar ligament D) Iliac fascia The cribriform fascia surrounds the femoral canal. 3 / 10 Which structures form the Greater Sciatic Foramen? A) Iliopsoas muscle and sacrum B) Sacrum and pubic symphysis C) Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments, sacral bone D) Ilium, sacrotuberous ligament The greater sciatic foramen is formed by the sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, and the sacral bone. 4 / 10 Which ligament contributes to the formation of the greater sciatic foramen? A) Sacrospinous ligament B) Lacunar ligament C) Sacrotuberous ligament D) Iliopectineal arch The sacrospinous ligament contributes to the formation of the greater sciatic foramen. 5 / 10 Which ligament contributes to the boundary of the femoral canal medially? A) Cribriform fascia B) Sacrotuberous ligament C) Iliopectineal arch D) Lacunar ligament The lacunar ligament forms the medial boundary of the femoral canal. 6 / 10 What is the content of the saphenous opening? A) Lateral cutaneous nerve B) Superior gluteal artery C) Great saphenous vein D) Obturator nerve The saphenous vein passes through the saphenous opening. 7 / 10 Which nerve is transmitted through the lacuna musculorum? A) Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh B) Obturator nerve C) Genitofemoral nerve D) Femoral nerve The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh passes through the lacuna musculorum. 8 / 10 What structure forms the medial boundary of the femoral ring? A) Lacunar ligament B) Pectineal ligament C) Sacrotuberous ligament D) Iliopectineal arch The lacunar ligament forms the medial boundary of the femoral ring. 9 / 10 What is transmitted through the infrapiriform foramen along with the sciatic nerve? A) Superior gluteal nerve B) Obturator nerve C) Inferior gluteal nerve D) Femoral artery The inferior gluteal nerve and vessels are transmitted through the infrapiriform foramen. 10 / 10 What separates the greater sciatic foramen into suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramina? A) Piriformis muscle B) Obturator membrane C) Sacrotuberous ligament D) Iliopectineal arch The piriformis muscle separates the greater sciatic foramen into suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramina. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the topography of the hip, including important foramina, vascular and muscular spaces, and the femoral canal. Topography of the Hip Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramina Greater Sciatic Foramen (Foramen Ischiadicum Majus) Lesser Sciatic Foramen (Foramen Ischiadicum Minus) Formed by: Sacrospinous Ligament Sacrotuberous Ligament Sacral Bone Suprapiriform Foramen Infrapiriform Foramen Obturator Canal Obturator Canal (Canalis Obturatorius) Vascular and Muscular Space Lacuna Vasorum et Lacuna Musculorum Inguinal Ligament (Ligamentum Inguinale) Iliopectineal Arch (Arcus Iliopectineus) Pectineal Ligament (Ligamentum Pectineale) Lacunar Ligament (Ligamentum Lacunare) Muscular Space (Lacuna Musculorum) Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh (N. Cutaneus Femoris Lateralis) Iliopsoas Muscle (Musculus Iliopsoas) Vascular Space (Lacuna Vasorum) Femoral Branch of Genitofemoral Nerve (R. Femoralis from N. Genitofemoralis) Femoral Artery (Arteria Femoralis) Femoral Vein (Vena Femoralis) Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes Femoral Ring (Anulus Femoralis) Femoral Canal (Canalis Femoralis) Saphenous Opening (Hiatus Saphenus) Cribriform Fascia Femoral Hernia Transcript Introduction0:01what’s up.0:04Meditay here and in this video, we’re gonna cover the topography of the hip.0:08Alright, As we know, the body doesn’t function properly0:10without a good supply of vasculature.0:12You know nerves, blood vessels and lymph vessels.0:15Our body have special canals and openings so that these vasculatures can reach their0:19designated target most effectively.0:22And those openings and canals are present throughout our body, including the lower limb.0:26So, in this video, we’ll discuss the topography of the Hip.0:30And then the next video will be about the topography of the thigh and the topography0:33of the Leg.Hip Topography Overview0:34Awesome.0:35Aight.0:36So the main topographical areas that I wanna focus on in this video is going to be the0:39Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramina.0:41The Obturator Canal, the Vascular and Muscular Space behind the inguinal ligament and the0:47femoral canal.0:48And we’ll also talk a little bit about potential pathologies related with the femoral canal.0:52Cool, so we’ll cover all of these, but first we need to understand a couple of things aboutPelvis Orientation0:57the pelvis, because it’s divided in a little weird way.1:00Ok.1:01So, the bones of the pelvis are going to be related to two different areas of our body.1:06If the contents are within the true pelvis.1:09This would be the pelvic cavity.1:11If they’re located more inferiorly, this is the region of the perineum where we’d1:15see the external genitalia as well as the anus.1:18Now laterally, what we’re going to see is that there are a lot of structures articulating1:23with the lateral aspect of these bones Or a site of muscle attachment for the gluteal1:28region.1:29And to get structures back and forth between these different areas of the body.1:33We need to have openings, otherwise known as foramen.Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramina1:36Now the foramen here are going to be different than some of the other foramen in our body.1:41Now many of the foramen that we’re going to see are going to be completely enclosed1:45by bone.1:46Which is the case like we see with the obturator foramen on the anterior aspect of the hip.1:51Now the sciatic foramina are going to be partially enclosed by bone on their anterior aspects.1:57But enclosed on their posterior aspects by ligaments.2:00So the only way to get these foramen in place is to have two ligaments that help close off2:05and bound these spaces.2:07Now the first of them is more superficially located.2:11And that is the sacrotuberous ligament, which mainly connects the sacrum to the ischial2:16tuberosity.2:17The other ligament is the Sacrospinous Ligament.2:20And as its name applies, it’s going to attach from
Fascia of the Lower Limb
Fascia of the Lower Limb (Cross Sections, Tendinous Sheath, Retinaculum) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Fascia of the Lower Limb – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What structure passes through the 3rd canal of the flexor retinaculum? A) Tibialis posterior tendon B) Flexor hallucis longus tendon C) Flexor digitorum longus tendon D) Tibial artery, vein, and nerve The tibial artery, tibial vein, and tibial nerve pass through the 3rd canal of the flexor retinaculum. 2 / 10 What is the role of the interosseous dorsal fascia of the foot? A) Encloses fibular tendons B) Stabilizes interosseous muscles C) Covers plantar aponeurosis D) Protects tibial artery The interosseous dorsal fascia of the foot stabilizes the dorsal interosseous muscles. 3 / 10 What does the saphenous opening in the fascia lata allow? A) Enclosure of gracilis B) Passage of saphenous vein C) Passage of tibial nerve D) Protection for femoral artery The saphenous opening in the fascia lata allows the great saphenous vein to pass through. 4 / 10 What is enclosed in the 1st canal of the superior extensor retinaculum? A) Tendinous sheath of extensor hallucis longus B) Tendinous sheath of tibialis anterior C) Dorsalis pedis artery D) Tendinous sheath of extensor digitorum longus The tendinous sheath of tibialis anterior is enclosed in the 1st canal of the superior extensor retinaculum. 5 / 10 Which fascia forms the plantar aponeurosis? A) Interosseous plantar fascia B) Crural Fascia C) Superficial Plantar Fascia D) Popliteal Fascia The superficial plantar fascia forms the plantar aponeurosis. 6 / 10 Which structure passes through the saphenous opening? A) Tibial Artery B) Great Saphenous Vein C) Lateral Malleolus Tendons D) Fibular Vein The great saphenous vein passes through the saphenous opening in the fascia lata. 7 / 10 What is the primary role of the plantar aponeurosis? A) Protects the interosseous muscles B) Flexes the toes C) Supports the plantar arch D) Dorsiflexes the ankle The plantar aponeurosis supports the plantar arch and stabilizes the foot during walking and standing. 8 / 10 What is the function of the iliotibial tract? A) Covers gracilis B) Stabilizes lateral thigh/knee C) Encases femoral artery D) Flexes the hip The iliotibial tract stabilizes the lateral aspect of the thigh and knee. 9 / 10 Which fascia encloses the saphenous vein? A) Popliteal Fascia B) Fascia Lata C) Cribriform Fascia D) Gluteal Fascia The cribriform fascia encloses the saphenous vein. 10 / 10 Which fascia forms the superior extensor retinaculum? A) Gluteal Fascia B) Plantar Aponeurosis C) Fascia Lata D) Crural Fascia The crural fascia forms the superior extensor retinaculum of the foot. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video is about the fascia of the pelvic region, thigh, leg, and foot, including their anatomical divisions and structures. Fascia of the Pelvic Region Iliac Fascia (Fascia Iliaca) Obturator Fascia (Fascia Obturatoria) Gluteal Fascia (Fascia Glutea) Fascia of the Thigh Fascia Lata Iliotibial Tract (Tractus Iliotibialis) Lateral Intermuscular Septum Anterior Intermuscular Septum Medial Intermuscular Septum Fibrous Sheath around Femoral Artery and Vein Fibrous Sheath around Iliotibial Tract Fibrous Sheath around Gracilis Fibrous Sheath around Sartorius Cribriform Fascia Saphenous Vein Saphenous Opening (Hiatus Saphenus) Fascia of the Leg Crural Fascia (Fascia Cruris) Anterior Intermuscular Septum Posterior Intermuscular Septum Deep Lamina (Lamina Profunda) Interosseous Membrane Popliteal Fascia Fascia of the Foot Extensor Retinacula Superior Extensor Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Extensorum Superius) Inferior Extensor Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Extensorum Inferius) Extensor Retinaculum Canals 1st Canal: Tendinous sheath of Tibialis Anterior (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Tibialis Anterioris) 2nd Canal: Tendinous sheath of Extensor Hallucis Longus (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Extensoris Hallucis Longi) 3rd Canal: Dorsalis Pedis Artery and Vein, Fibular Nerve 4th Canal: Tendinous sheath of Extensor Digitorum Longus (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Extensoris Digitorum Longi) Flexor Retinaculum Flexor Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Flexorum) Flexor Retinaculum Canals 1st Canal: Tendinous sheath of Tibialis Posterior (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Tibialis Posterioris) 2nd Canal: Tendinous sheath of Flexor Digitorum Longus (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Flexoris Digitorum Longi) 3rd Canal: Tibialis Posterior Artery and Vein, Tibial Nerve 4th Canal: Tendinous sheath of Flexor Hallucis Longus (Vagina Tendinis Musculi Flexoris Hallucis Longi) Fibular Retinacula Superior and Inferior Fibular Retinaculum (Retinaculum Musculorum Fibularium Superius et Inferius) Tendons of Fibularis Longus and Brevis Plantar Fascia Plantar Aponeurosis (Aponeurosis Plantaris) Fascia of the Foot: Cross Section Superficial Dorsal Fascia of Foot (Fascia Dorsalis Pedis Superficialis) Interosseous Dorsal Fascia of Foot (Fascia Dorsalis Pedis Interossea) Interosseous Plantar Fascia (Fascia Plantaris Interossea) Superficial Plantar Fascia (Fascia Plantaris Superficialis) Plantar Aponeurosis (Aponeurosis Plantaris) Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’re gonna take a look at the main fascia covering0:08structures in the lower extremity. Aight. So, the lower limb is covered in muscles, right?0:13These muscles are covered by fascia, separating these muscles into compartments,0:17as well as forming a smooth environment around the muscles for less friction during contraction.0:22So in this video, we’re first going to cover the fascia in the pelvic region, then we’ll do the0:27fascia of the thigh, then the fascia of the leg, and after that, we’ll cover the fascia of the0:32foot. So our goal for this video is to understand how the fascia is distributed in the lower limb.0:38And we’ll start with the fascia of the pelvic region.Fascia of the Pelvic Region0:40The first fascia we’re gonna talk about is called the Iliac Fascia, which cover the iliac muscle,0:45and on the distal part, where the Iliac muscle and Psoas major meet,0:49it’ll surround the union of these muscles, so it’s going to surround the iliopsoas muscle.0:55Then, you see the internal obturator muscle here? There’s gonna be a fascia that cover this muscle,1:00called the obturator fascia, so it covers the internal obturator muscle like this.1:06Now, let’s take a look at the butt. There’s gonna be fascia that
Muscles of the Foot
Muscles of the Foot (Groups, Origin, Insertion, Function) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Muscles of the Foot – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 What is the insertion of the plantar interossei? A) Extensor Tendons of 3rd-5th Toes B) Proximal Phalanges (3rd-5th Medial Side) C) Base of Proximal Phalanges (1st Toe) D) Proximal Phalanges (2nd-4th Toes) The plantar interossei insert on the proximal phalanges of the 3rd-5th toes on the medial side. 2 / 10 What is the primary function of the dorsal interossei? A) Adduction of Toes B) Flexion of Proximal Phalanges C) Abduction of Toes D) Extension of Toes The dorsal interossei abduct the toes away from the 2nd toe. 3 / 10 What is the insertion of the lumbricals? A) Base of 5th Metatarsal B) Distal Phalanges of 2nd-5th Toes C) Proximal Phalanges + Extensor Tendons (2nd-5th Toes) D) Proximal Phalanx of 1st Toe The lumbricals insert on the proximal phalanges and extensor tendons of the 2nd-5th toes. 4 / 10 Which muscle abducts the 5th toe? A) Opponens Digiti Minimi B) Quadratus Plantae C) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis D) Abductor Digiti Minimi The abductor digiti minimi abducts and flexes the 5th toe. 5 / 10 Which lateral group muscle opposes the little toe? A) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis B) Opponens Digiti Minimi C) Adductor Hallucis D) Abductor Digiti Minimi The opponens digiti minimi adducts and opposes the little toe. 6 / 10 What is the insertion of the dorsal interossei? A) Proximal Phalanges (1st Toe) B) Proximal Phalanges (2nd-4th Toes) C) Distal Phalanges (2nd-4th Toes) D) Extensor Tendons of 2nd-4th Toes The dorsal interossei insert on the proximal phalanges of the 2nd-4th toes. 7 / 10 Which interossei muscle abducts the toes? A) Dorsal Interossei B) Lumbricals C) Flexor Hallucis Brevis D) Plantar Interossei The dorsal interossei abduct the toes, pulling them away from the 2nd toe. 8 / 10 What is the primary innervation of the medial foot muscles? A) Tibial Nerve B) Superficial Fibular Nerve C) Deep Fibular Nerve D) Lateral Plantar Nerve The tibial nerve innervates the medial group of foot muscles. 9 / 10 Which group of muscles maintains the longitudinal arch of the foot? A) Medial Group B) Interossei C) Lateral Group D) Middle Group The middle group, including the flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae, maintains the longitudinal arch. 10 / 10 What is the origin of the extensor digitorum brevis? A) Calcaneus B) Lateral Cuneiform C) Medial Cuneiform D) Base of 5th Metatarsal The extensor digitorum brevis originates from the calcaneus. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the foot, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Foot Dorsal Group [2] Medial Group [3] Lateral Group [3] Middle Group [2] Interossei [2] Lumbricals [1] Dorsal Group [2] Extensors of the toes, innervated by the deep fibular nerve. Extensor Digitorum Brevis (Musculus Extensor Digitorum Brevis) Origin: Calcaneus Insertion: Tendons of Extensor Digitorum Longus (2nd, 3rd, 4th Toes) Function: Extension of 2nd-4th Toes Extensor Hallucis Brevis (Musculus Extensor Hallucis Brevis) Origin: Calcaneus Insertion: Tendons of Extensor Hallucis Longus Function: Extension of Big Toe Medial Group [3] Innervated by the Tibial Nerve. Adductor Hallucis (Musculus Adductor Hallucis) Oblique Head Origin: Base of 2nd – 4th Metatarsal, Cuboid Bone, Lateral Cuneiform Transverse Head Origin: 3rd – 5th Metatarsophalangeal Joints Insertion: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Big Toe Function: Adduction + Flexion of Big Toe Flexor Hallucis Brevis (Musculus Flexor Hallucis Brevis) Origin: Medial Cuneiform, Long Plantar Ligament Insertion: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Big Toe Function: Flexion of the Big Toe Abductor Hallucis (Musculus Abductor Hallucis) Origin: Calcaneal Tuberosity (Tuber Calcanei) Insertion: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Big Toe Function: Abduction + Flexion of the Big Toe Lateral Group [3] Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Musculus Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis) Origin: Base of the 5th Metatarsal, Long Plantar Ligament Insertion: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Little Toe Function: Flexion of the Little Toe Opponens Digiti Minimi (Musculus Opponens Digiti Minimi) Origin: Base of the 5th Metatarsal, Long Plantar Ligament Insertion: Lateral Surface of the 5th Metatarsal Function: Adduction + Opposition of Little Toe Abductor Digiti Minimi (Musculus Abductor Digiti Minimi) Origin: Calcaneal Tuberosity, Base of the 5th Metatarsal Insertion: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Little Toe Function: Abduction + Flexion of Little Toe Middle Group [2] Maintain the longitudinal arch of the foot. Innervated by the lateral and medial plantar nerves. Flexor Digitorum Brevis (Musculus Flexor Digitorum Brevis) Origin: Calcaneal Tuberosity, Plantar Aponeurosis Insertion: Base of the Middle Phalanx of the 2nd – 5th Toes Function: Flexion of 2nd – 5th Toes at the Middle and Proximal Phalanx Quadratus Plantae (Musculus Quadratus Plantae) Origin: Calcaneal Tuberosity, Long Plantar Ligament Insertion: Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Longus Function: Participates in Flexion of Toes Interossei [2] Plantar Interossei (Musculi Interossei Plantares) Origin: Metatarsal Bones of 3rd – 5th Toe (Tibial Side) Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 3rd – 5th Toes (Medial Side) Function: Adduction of Toes (towards the 2nd Toe) Assist with Flexion of Toes Dorsal Interossei (Musculi Interossei Dorsales) Origin: Metatarsal Bones of 1st – 5th Toe Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 2nd – 4th Toes Function: Abduction of Toes (away from the 2nd Toe) Lumbricals [1] Lumbricals (Musculi Lumbricales Pedis) Origin: Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Longus Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanges of the 2nd-5th Toe (Medial Side) Extensor Tendons of the 4 Lateral Toes Function: Flexion of Proximal Phalanges Extension of Middle and Distal Phalanges Transcript Introduction0:01What’s up.0:04Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles of the foot.0:07Alright.0:08So, the muscles of the lower limb are divided into 4 parts according to their
Muscles of the Leg
Muscles of the Leg (Division, Origin, Insertion, Functions) Official Links Instagram Youtube Jki-discord Notes & Illustrations Quizzes Summary & Transcript Notes ☆ Member Only Go to PDF Notes Illustrations ☆ Member Only Go to Illustrations 12345678910 Muscles of the Leg – QUIZ Test your understanding with 10 random multiple-choice questions from the question bank. You're in the preview mode. Note: All elements work correctly on the front end. 1 / 10 Which posterior leg muscle contributes to the Achilles tendon? A) Gastrocnemius B) Extensor Hallucis Longus C) Tibialis Posterior D) Flexor Hallucis Longus The gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris contribute to the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon. 2 / 10 What is the origin of the plantaris muscle? A) Tibial Tuberosity B) Lateral Condyle of Femur C) Soleal Line of Tibia D) Medial Epicondyle of Femur The plantaris muscle originates from the lateral condyle of the femur. 3 / 10 What is the origin of the soleus muscle? A) Posterior Surface of Calcaneus B) Medial Epicondyle of Femur C) Lateral Condyle of Femur D) Head of Fibula + Tibial Soleal Line The soleus originates from the head of the fibula, the posterior surface of the tibia (soleal line), and a tendinous arch. 4 / 10 Which anterior leg muscle extends the big toe? A) Extensor Digitorum Longus B) Flexor Hallucis Longus C) Tibialis Anterior D) Extensor Hallucis Longus The extensor hallucis longus extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion (foot extension). 5 / 10 What is the function of the tibialis posterior muscle? A) Pronation of Foot B) Abduction of Foot C) Dorsiflexion of Foot D) Flexion + Supination of Foot The tibialis posterior flexes the foot and assists in supination and adduction. 6 / 10 What group do the extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior belong to? A) Posterior Group B) Superficial Posterior Layer C) Anterior Group D) Lateral Group These muscles belong to the anterior compartment of the leg. 7 / 10 Which tendon passes under the flexor retinaculum? A) Fibularis Brevis B) Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon C) Tibialis Posterior Tendon D) Achilles Tendon The tendons of the posterior leg muscles, such as the tibialis posterior, pass under the flexor retinaculum. 8 / 10 What is the function of the soleus muscle? A) Flexion of Knee B) Supination of Foot C) Plantarflexion of Foot D) Dorsiflexion of Foot The soleus primarily plantarflexes the foot, contributing to walking and standing. 9 / 10 What is the function of the extensor hallucis longus? A) Extension of Big Toe B) Abduction of Foot C) Flexion of Big Toe D) Pronation of Foot The extensor hallucis longus extends the big toe and assists in foot dorsiflexion. 10 / 10 Which lateral leg muscle inserts into the base of the 1st metatarsal? A) Fibularis Longus B) Fibularis Brevis C) Plantaris D) Tibialis Anterior The fibularis longus inserts into the base of the 1st metatarsal bone and the medial cuneiform. Your score is The average score is 0% Description This video covers the muscles of the leg, including their origins, insertions, and functions. Muscles of the Leg Anterior Group [3] Lateral Group [2] Posterior Group [6] – Deep + Superficial Layers Anterior Group [3] These muscles function as extensors of the leg. Their tendons pass under the extensor retinaculum. Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Extensor Hallucis Longus (Musculus Extensor Hallucis Longus) Origin: Medial Surface of Fibula Interosseous Membrane Insertion: Distal Phalanx of Big Toe (Phalanx Distalis Hallucis) Function: Extension of Big Toe Extension of Foot Supination + Adduction of Foot Extensor Digitorum Longus (Musculus Extensor Digitorum Longus) Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia Fibula Interosseous Membrane Insertion: Middle and Distal Phalanx of 2nd – 5th Toes 5th Metatarsal Bone Function: Extension of 2nd – 5th Toes Extension of Foot Tibialis Anterior (Musculus Tibialis Anterior) Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia Lateral Surface of Tibia Interosseous Membrane Insertion: Base of 1st Metatarsal Bone Medial Cuneiform Function: Extension of Foot Supination + Adduction of Foot Lateral Group [2] These muscles originate on the lateral surface of the fibula and run behind the lateral malleolus under the superior and inferior fibular retinaculum. Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve Fibularis Brevis (Musculus Fibularis Brevis) Origin: Fibula Insertion: Base of the 5th Metatarsal Bone Function: Flexion of Foot Pronation + Abduction of Foot Fibularis Longus (Musculus Fibularis Longus) Origin: Head and Body of Fibula Insertion: Base of the 1st Metatarsal Bone Medial Cuneiform (Plantar Surface) Function: Flexion of Foot Pronation + Abduction of Foot Posterior Group [6] Deep Layer These muscles run behind the medial malleolus under the flexor retinaculum. Innervation: Tibial Nerve Popliteus (Musculus Popliteus) Origin: Lateral Condyle of Femur Insertion: Posterior Surface of Tibia (above Soleal Line) Function: Flexion + Internal Rotation of Leg Superficial Layer Triceps Surae (Musculus Triceps Surae) Soleus Origin: Head of Fibula, Tibia (Soleal Line + Posterior Surface), Tendinous Arch of Soleus Medial Head of Gastrocnemius Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Femur Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Femur Insertion: Achilles/Calcaneal Tendon → Calcaneal Tuberosity Function: Flexion of Foot Flexion of Leg (Gastrocnemius) Stabilizes Knee Joint Plantaris (Musculus Plantaris) Origin: Lateral Condyle of Femur Insertion: Achilles/Calcaneal Tendon → Calcaneal Tuberosity Function: Flexion of Foot Flexion of Leg Transcript Introduction0:03What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles of the Leg. Alright. So,0:08the muscles of the lower limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical location.0:13The first group are muscles of the Hip Joint. Then we have the muscles of the Thigh, muscles0:18of the Leg and then the muscles of the Foot. So again, the muscles of the Leg are whatDivision of the Leg Muscles0:22we’re gonna focus on in this video. And they’re divided into three main groups based on their0:27anatomical location. They’re divided into the Anterior group, which consist of 3 muscles.0:32We have the Lateral group of 2 muscles, and the Posterior group of 6 muscles layered as deep and0:38superficial. So let’s work our way through all of the muscles, starting with the anterior group.Anterior Group0:43Awesome. Ok. So the muscles