Description

This video will cover:

• Branches of the Subclavian Artery

Subclavian Artery

• Right Subclavian Artery arises from the Brachiocephalic Trunk.
• Left Subclavian Artery arises directly from the Aorta.

Subclavian Artery Mnemonic: VIT. C, D (as in VITamin C, D)

1st Part of the Subclavian Artery

• Vertebral Artery
  • Prevertebral Part
  • Transverse Part:
    • Muscular Branch – supplies deep muscles of the neck.
    • Spinal Branch – supplies upper 5th-6th cervical segments of the spinal cord.
  • Intracranial Part:
    • Anterior Spinal Artery – descends along the anterior median fissure.
    • Posterior Spinal Arteries – descend along the posterolateral sulcus.
    • Inferior Posterior Cerebellar Artery.
    • Meningeal Branch – supplies the posterior meninges.
  • Basilar Artery:
    • Inferior Anterior Cerebellar Artery.
    • Superior Cerebellar Artery.
    • Branches for the pons and mesencephalon (midbrain).
    • Posterior Cerebral Artery.
• Internal Thoracic Artery
  • Divides into:
    • Superior Epigastric Artery – passes through the sternocostal triangle and anastomoses with the Inferior Epigastric Artery.
    • Musculophrenic Artery – gives off anterior intercostal arteries for the lower 5th-6th intercostal spaces.
  • Mnemonic for Branches of the Internal Thoracic Artery: PAST BPM
    • Pericardiophrenic artery
    • Anterior intercostal artery
    • Sternal artery
    • Thymic artery
    • Bronchial artery
    • Perforating artery
    • Mediastinal artery
• Thyrocervical Trunk
  • Inferior Thyroid Artery
    • Inferior Laryngeal Branch.
    • Tracheal Branch.
    • Esophageal Branch.
    • Pharyngeal Branch.
  • Ascending Cervical Artery
    • Muscular Branch.
    • Spinal Branches.
  • Suprascapular Artery
  • Transverse Cervical Artery
    • Superficial Cervical Artery.
    • Dorsal Scapular Artery (may arise from the Transverse Cervical or directly from the Subclavian Artery in the 3rd part).

2nd Part of the Subclavian Artery

• Costocervical Trunk
  • Deep Cervical Artery.
  • Supreme Intercostal Artery.
    • Posterior Intercostal Arteries.

3rd Part of the Subclavian Artery

• Dorsal Scapular Artery (may arise from the Subclavian Artery or from the Transverse Cervical Artery).

Sources Used:

• Memorix Anatomy (2nd Edition) – Hudák Radovan, Kachlík David, Volný Ondřej.
• Complete Anatomy by 3D4Medical.
• Biorender.
• University Notes and Lectures.

Transcript

Introduction
0:00
all right so this video will be about
0:01
two subclavian artery I will try to
0:03
cover it briefly and throw in a fume
0:05
demonics for you to remember so let’s do
0:08
a quick overview starting with the heart
0:10
and the I will talk with these three
0:12
branches the left common carotid artery
0:14
the left subclavian and the
0:16
brachiocephalic trunk which divides in
0:18
the right common carotid artery and the
0:20
right subclavian artery now remember
0:23
this that the left subclavian artery is
0:25
directly from the outer while the right
0:28
one comes from the breath use of
0:29
electrons one way to remember this is
0:32
that the outer curves to the left before
0:34
it descends right so it doesn’t really
0:37
need those extra centimetres that’s
0:38
provided by the brachiocephalic trunk
0:40
that’s just how I remember that the left
0:42
subclavian is directly from the outer so
0:46
the rest of this video will be on the
0:48
right subclavian but keep in mind that
0:50
everything you find on the right
0:52
subclavian artery will also be on the
0:54
left subclavian artery as well the only
0:56
difference is is that the left’s artery
0:58
is roughly around four centimeters
1:00
longer than the right subclavian artery
1:02
now the are we will run underneath the
1:05
clavicle and essentially on top of the
1:08
first rib cause DePrima is called
1:10
running between the anterior and the
1:12
medial scale in this muscle and as it
1:15
passes the first rib it continues as the
1:18
axillary artery
1:19
now topographically we divide the
Dividing the Subclavian Artery
1:21
subclavian artery into three parts and
1:24
we use the anterior scalenes muscle as a
1:27
landmark so the first part is from the
1:30
point of origin to the medial border of
1:32
the anterior skull in this muscle the
1:35
second part is behind the anterior
1:37
scalenes muscle and the third part is
1:39
from the lateral border of the anterior
1:41
scalenes muscle to the other border the
1:43
first rib where it becomes the axillary
1:45
artery now for the mnemonic remember
Mnemonic for Subclavian Artery
1:49
Vitz as in vitamin c d so this works
1:53
respectively according to the
1:55
topographical parts V stands for
1:57
vertebral artery I stands for the
2:00
internal thoracic which divides into two
2:03
terminal branches the superior
2:05
epigastric and the muscular phrenic
2:07
artery the T stands for thyroid cervical
2:10
trunk then there’s second part behind
2:13
the
2:13
Tyrians muscle c is for coastal cervical
2:17
trunk and then lastly d for the dorsal
2:20
scapular so these are the arteries who
2:23
are going to work within this video with
2:25
CD so let’s start with the vertebral
Vertebral Artery
2:27
artery the vertebral artery will ascend
2:30
along neck inside the transverse
2:33
foramina of the c1 through c7 cervical
2:36
vertebra then as it exits the transverse
2:39
foramina of c1 it pierces its way
2:43
through the foramen magnum into the
2:45
posterior cranial fossa and then it will
2:48
join with the vertebral artery of the
2:50
opposite side forming the basilar artery
2:53
which remember lives on cleavers behind
2:56
fossa turcica which helps to form the
2:58
Circle of Willis through the posterior
3:00
cerebral arteries remember now this
3:03
artery has three parts according to its
3:06
location
3:06
there’s the pre vertebral arch the
3:09
transverse part and the intracranial
3:12
part the pre vertebral part doesn’t
3:15
really branch out but the transverse
3:17
part has two side branches one is the
3:20
muscular branch for the deep muscles of
3:22
the neck like the longest Coulee the
3:25
longest capitis the rectus capitis and
3:27
etc and there’s the spinal branches
3:30
which which goes through the interval
3:33
vertebral foramina to supply the upper
3:36
56 cervical segments of the spinal cord
3:40
those are the branches of the transverse
3:42
part the intracranial part is a little
3:45
more interesting
3:46
it sends down three arteries supplying a
3:49
spinal cord there’s the anterior spinal
3:52
artery and the posterior spinal arteries
3:55
the anterior spinal artery the saint’s
3:58
along the anterior median fissure
4:00
while the posterior spinal arteries
4:02
descend along the posterior lateral
4:04
circus and both supply the spinal cord
4:07
so that’s these two it also has the
4:10
inferior posterior cerebellar artery as
4:13
supplying the inferior surface of the
4:15
cerebellum and the lastly there’s the
4:17
meningeal branch for the meninges of the
4:20
posterior cranium these four are the
4:23
branches of the intracranial part of the
4:25
vertebral artery
4:26
now for the basilar artery there’s the
4:29
inferior anterior cerebellar artery and
4:33
the superior cerebellar artery those are
4:36
the major blood supply of the cerebellum
4:39
and then lastly there is a branch is
4:41
supplying the pons and ms encephalon or
4:44
the midbrain so that’s the vertebral
4:46
artery next let’s do the internal
Internal Thoracic Artery
4:49
thoracic it will descend along the
4:52
anterior wall of the thoracic cavity and
4:54
then as it reaches the seventh rib it
4:57
divides into two terminal branches
4:59
called the super superior epigastric
5:02
artery which passes the diaphragm at the
5:05
stern of costal triangle and
5:06
communicates with the inferior
5:08
epigastric artery the other terminal
5:11
branch is the muscular phrenic artery
5:13
which terminates at the lower 5-6
5:16
intercostal spaces as the anterior
5:18
intercostal brushes as you see here in
5:21
yellow communicating with the posterior
5:23
intercostal arteries of the thoracic
5:26
outer so that’s this one now for the
5:30
side branches I use past BPM as a
5:33
mnemonic just you can remember BPMS
5:36
beats per minute if that makes it easier
5:38
the P in past sense for pericardial
5:41
phrenic supplying everything in red here
5:44
the pericardium the diaphragm the
5:46
mediastinal part of the tiara next a for
5:51
anterior intercostal arteries so now
5:53
it’s the upper 5-6 intercostal spaces
5:55
which you know also communicates with
5:58
the posterior intercostal arteries of
6:00
the thoracic aorta next s for sternal T
6:04
for time ik B for bronchial artery for
6:08
the lower part of the bronchus p4
6:10
perforating artery which is for female
6:13
supplying the mammary glands and then
6:15
the M for mediastinal part so that’s all
6:19
for the internal thoracic next is a
Thyrocervical Trunk
6:22
short trunk that arises very close to
6:26
the first rib
6:26
called the thorough cervical trunk it
6:29
divides into four arteries the inferior
6:32
thyroid the ascending cervical the
6:35
transverse cervical and the
6:37
suprascapular the inferior thyroid will
6:39
go up
6:40
and then terminate at the thyroid glands
6:42
so anything around this area will get a
6:44
blood supply by this artery like the
6:46
layering set trachea the pharynx and the
6:49
esophagus so that’s this one the
6:52
ascending cervical has the same side
6:55
branches as the transverse part of the
6:57
vertebral artery the spinal branches for
7:00
the spinal cord and the muscular
7:01
branches for the deep and lateral
7:03
muscles of the neck for the other two we
7:06
need to add the scapula here because the
7:08
suprascapular will run to the scapula
7:11
and supply the supraspinous and the
7:13
infraspinous also in the back side and
7:15
then it will communicate with the
7:18
circumflex scapular artery of the
7:21
subscapular artery which comes from the
7:23
axillary artery a little bit further
7:25
down the subclavian the transverse
7:28
cervical however goes to the superior
7:31
angle of the scapula and then it will
7:34
divide into the superficial cervical
7:37
artery supplying the superficial muscles
7:40
like the trapezius and the levator
7:42
scapulae and the dorsal scapular artery
7:45
descending along the medial margin of
7:47
the scapula supplying the muscles in
7:50
this region of the rhomboids for example
7:53
one important thing to mention about the
7:55
dorsal scapular artery is that it can
7:58
either come from the transverse cervical
8:00
artery as he as is just saw or it may
8:03
arise from the subclavian artery itself
8:06
and I’ll show you this later in this
8:08
video when I get to the third part of
8:10
the subclavian artery so that’s mostly
8:14
all I had for the Taira cervical trunk
Costocervical Trunk
8:16
next the second part of the subclavian
8:19
is behind the anterior scalenes muscle
8:21
which give off the coast of cervical
8:24
trunk which is a small trunk that
8:26
divides into two arteries one of them is
8:29
a deep cervical artery supplying the
8:31
deep structures of the neck as well as
8:33
giving some branches for the spinal cord
8:35
the other one is the supreme intercostal
8:39
artery which descends and then branch
8:41
out as the posterior intercostal
8:44
arteries which supply the muscles of the
8:46
first and the second intercostal space
8:48
so that’s the costal cervical trunk so
Dorsal Scapular Artery
8:52
now the last one is a dorsal scan
8:54
and remember I mentioned this one as a
8:56
side branch of the transverse cervical
8:58
artery in some people it’s a side branch
9:01
of the transverse cervical artery which
9:03
the third cervical trunk and in some
9:05
people it goes out directly from the
9:07
subclavian artery itself on the lateral
9:10
border of the anterior scalenes muscle
9:11
so that’s all I had for the subclavian
9:15
artery I really hope this video helped
9:17
you in any way to understand this topic
9:19
see you next time