Ribs and Sternum Anatomy

📅 Last Updated: 05.05.2026
🔄 Version: 1.0

This PDF covers the anatomy of the ribs and sternum, including rib classification (true, false, floating), typical and atypical ribs, and the structure of the thoracic cage. It explains rib landmarks such as the head, neck, tubercle, angle, and costal groove, as well as the parts of the sternum (manubrium, body, and xiphoid process).

The content also includes costal cartilages, thoracic apertures, and their anatomical relations within the thoracic cage. Presented in a clear visual format for efficient understanding of thoracic skeletal anatomy.

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📖 Sources:

  • Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy (2nd ed.)
  • Standring, S. (2020). Gray’s Anatomy (42nd ed.)
  • White, T. D., & Folkens, P. A. (2005). The Human Bone Manual