This PDF covers the peritoneum, including its layers, compartments, and clinical relevance. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, supporting and protecting organs while providing a frictionless surface for movement. It consists of parietal and visceral layers, enclosing the peritoneal cavity, and includes structures such as the omentum, mesentery, and ligaments. The peritoneal cavity is divided into supramesocolic, inframesocolic, and pelvic compartments, with clinical relevance in conditions such as ascites and peritonitis.