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Complete Overview of Female Internal and External Genital Organs
This video provides a detailed anatomical breakdown of the internal and external genital structures, including their histology, functions, and clinical relevance.
Small Correction: At 7:06, the ovarian artery and vein run within the suspensory ligament of the ovary, not the ligament of the ovary as originally stated.
Inner Structures:
External Structures:
Fixation of the Ovary:
Parts of the Uterine Tube:
Walls of Uterine Tube:
Parts:
Internal Structures (Histology):
Peritoneal Folds:
Parametrial Ligaments:
Vaginal Wall (Histology):
Introduction
0:03
What’s up. Meditay Here. Let’s finally talk about the female genital system. Now, this is going to
0:08
be a longer video than usual. It’s not because the female genital system is necessarily difficult,
0:14
but it’s because I want to cover everything in detail so that you understand the fundamentals of the female genital system. I’ve put some timestamps on the bottom of the video,
0:23
so you can use that if it’s any specific topic you came here for. Alright. So the female
0:28
genital system is generally divided into the internal genital organs and the external genital organs. So we’ll cover the general external and internal structures
0:38
of these parts and go through the coverings. And we’ll start with the internal genital organs
0:44
The internal genital organs consist of the Ovaries, Uterine Tube, Uterus, and Vagina.
Ovaries
0:51
Now let’s go detailed into each of these parts, starting with the Ovaries. So we’ll first go through its inner structures and the growth and maturation of the follicle. Then
1:02
we’ll cover the external anatomy of the ovaries along with how the ovaries are fixated.
1:07
Now. The ovaries contain oocytes within follicles, and they produce steroid hormones,
1:15
which are estrogen and progesterone. So, if we take one Ovary. And slice it right about
1:21
here, then remove the upper half. This is what the inner surface of the Ovary generally looks like.
1:27
Here, we’ve included all the phases of the follicles. First, of, the surface of the Ovary is covered by tunica albuginea
1:36
composed of connective tissue fibers. Within the actual Ovary, between the follicles,
1:41
you’ll find loose connective tissue. Right? That connective tissue is called the ovarian stroma.
1:48
The ovarian stroma forms the ovarian cortex and the ovarian medulla. The Ovarian Cortex is the outer region where the follicles rest, develop, and mature.
1:58
So this is the primary site of the follicles. The Ovarian Medulla is the middle part of the Ovary. It contains loose connective tissue
2:07
with many blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerve fibers. Now just to give you a slight sense of what it looks like;
2:14
Here, at the outer layer, that’s where you’ll find the tunica albuginea, which supports the outer epithelium. Here is the ovarian cortex,
2:22
which has all the follicles as you see here. And in the middle here, we got the ovarian medulla, which houses all the large blood vessels and nerves, and lymph vessels.
2:32
Aright. Now, as we said earlier. Within the cortex of the Ovary, you’ll find Follicles. I’ll just quickly take you through
2:39
the basics of the ovarian follicles. What happens is once the female is actually born.
2:45
She’ll have all the primordial follicles that she’ll ever need, which contain primary oocytes. These are dormant follicle with a single layer of flattened granulosa cells
2:56
So a female is born with many small follicles that kinda cluster together in the periphery
3:02
of the Ovary. They’re called Primordial Follicles. So they contain a primary oocyte,
3:08
with a single layer of follicular cells. They’re simple squamous epithelium
3:13
Once the female actually enters puberty, Follicular Stimulating Hormone, or FSH,
3:19
will stimulate a small number of these primordial follicles to mature.
3:24
So FSH is going to cause some of these primordial follicles to wake up and become a Primary follicle. It still contains the primary Oocyte, but the squamous epithelium is
3:36
now cuboidal epithelium. So the follicular cells are now cuboidal cells. So the follicle is growing
3:43
Now, These Follicular cells will keep dividing by mitosis, And form granulosa cells. And once
3:50
we have multiple layers of granulosa cells that surround the primary Oocyte, these Are called Secondary Follicules. In a secondary follicle, the primary Oocyte will start
4:01
to deposit a layer of sugar and protein on the outer layer of the Oocyte known as zona pellucida.
4:07
And then, the granulosa cells that are growing in number also have a few jobs. One thing that they
4:13
do is that they produce and secrete a follicular fluid which starts to accumulate within the
4:19
follicle. Granulosa cells also produce Estrogen. And so, as the follicle is growing bigger in the
4:25
Ovary, estrogen levels are also going up. So this is what a late secondary follicle
4:31
looks like. Follicular fluid is building up, and notice the several layers of granulosa cells.
4:37
This is still a primary oocyte because, remember, secondary Oocyte doesn’t occur until just before
4:44
Ovulation. We can also see the Zona Pellucida surrounding the Oocyte. The theca folliculi
4:51
are also starting to develop at this point. Remember, they have two layers. Theca interna
4:57
with lots of blood supply and theca externa which are connective tissue encasement of the follicle.
5:03
Eventually as the follicle grows bigger, it becomes a Graafian follicle or tertiary
5:08
follicle. With a large antrum, as well as all the other parts that we talked about. Now. The tertiary follicle will start to bulge out. Literally, it’ll start to bulge
5:18
out from the surface of the Ovary. And just prior to Ovulation, that’s when the secondary Oocyte occurs, and Ovulation happens. After Ovulation occurs, the empty follicle
5:30
repairs itself, and it actually thrives and becomes a structure called Corpus Luteum,
5:35
which secretes primarily progesterone, and so at this point, after Ovulation,
5:40
progesterone levels start to go up. The corpus luteum has a limited lifespan, and eventually, it starts to die off and becomes corpus Albicans
5:49
So that was a brief look into the Ovary’s inner structure. I won’t go into a lot more detail than that since we’re primarily doing anatomy right now in this video.
5:59
Let’s now go ahead and look at the external structures of the Ovary. Alright. So here’s an external view of the Ovary. An ovary has surfaces and margins, right?
6:11
It has a mesovarian border, which is the anterior margin facing the peritoneal fold of the Ovary.
6:17
Then on the other side, it has a free border, or a posterior border, which is free because it doesn’t
6:24
really face any structure of significance. It has the tubal extremity, which is the
6:29
upper pole facing the abdominal opening of the uterine tube. And it has a uterine extremity, which is directed downward and attached to the lateral
6:39
angle of the Uterus by the ovarian ligament. Then we have two surfaces. A Lateral surface
6:45
and a medial surface. Awesome. So that’s the external surfaces of the Ovary. Let’s now go through the fixation of the Ovary.
6:54
The Ovary is attached to the Uterus through a ligament called the ligament of the Ovary. This
7:00
one is pretty straightforward. The ligament of the Ovary fixates the Uterus to the Ovary.
7:05
A little fun fact about this ligament is that it contains the ovarian branch of the uterine artery and vein. It contains ovarian nerves and lymphatic vessels as well.
7:15
Then we have the sustentacular ligament of the Ovary. This ligament attaches the tubal
7:21
extremity of the Ovary to the lateral pelvic wall, so it helps to fixate the Ovary in place.
7:28
It also contains vessels and nerves as well going to the Ovary. Then we have a fold, a peritoneal fold called Mesovarium.
7:37
Let’s repeat something really quick. The peritoneum consists of two layers, right? One that is continuous to the abdominal and the pelvic wall is called the parietal peritoneum.
7:48
And one that lines the visceral organs within the abdominal cavity called the visceral peritoneum.
7:53
Now. Here we see a superior view of the Uterus and the pelvis. And here, we see some ligaments around the inner genital organs.
8:02
One ligament that is crucial to know about is called the broad ligament of the Uterus.
8:07
This ligament is actually a double peritoneal fold. So the peritoneum goes down to the Uterus
8:14
and folds double, and there you have the broad ligament of the Uterus. So the broad ligament is attached to the uterine border medially and is laterally continuous with
8:25
the parietal peritoneum of the pelvic wall The broad ligament of the uterus consists of
8:30
three parts, but there is one particular part of this ligament that is important to know regarding
8:36
the fixation of the Ovary, and that is the Mesovarium. So the Mesovarium is a component
8:43
of the broad ligament. It’s the smallest component of the broad ligament. And the good thing with the
8:49
Mesovarium is that it suspends the ovaries. It fixates them to the actual uterine wall.
8:55
So that was all for the fixation. I hope the Mesovarium made a little sense. I’ll touch back upon the broad ligament again soon as we go through these organs.
9:04
Alright. So that was everything I had for the ovaries. As far as anatomy goes, and a little extra. Let’s do the uterine tubes now.
Uterine Tube
9:13
The uterine tubes, or the fallopian tube, are paired tubes that go from the Uterus to the
9:19
ovaries. So it has two openings. One side opens into the peritoneal cavity but faces the Ovary,
9:27
and one part opens into the Uterus. So they’re the arms of the Uterus you can say.
9:32
What it does is that when Ovulation happens, the uterine tubes capture the released oocytes
9:38
and transport them along the tube by peristaltic contractions to the uterine cavity.
9:43
One thing that’s good to know also is that fertilization of the Oocyte by a spermatozoon
9:49
usually happens within the uterine tube before it’s pushed further into the uterine cavity
9:54
and gets attached to the wall there. So yeah. Let’s now do the anatomy.
9:59
The uterine tube consists of several parts. First, it has an infundibulum, which is the dilated part adjacent to the abdominal opening.
10:08
It has an ampulla, which is the wider lateral 2/3 of the uterine tube.
10:13
It has an isthmus, which is the narrower medial 1/3 of the uterine tube And it has a uterine part, which is usually the intramural segment of the uterine tube,
10:25
located within the wall of the Uterus. So let’s go a little deeper into the anatomy of the uterine tube now. On the Infundibular part, you’ll find an
10:35
opening, right? That opening is called the abdominal ostium, which is an opening that
10:42
faces the Ovary. It directly opens into the peritoneal cavity, and it catches the Oocyte
10:49
once Ovulation happens. Now, how does it do that? It does that through the help of something called
10:55
fimbria. These are mucosal arms, or tentacles or whatever you wanna use to describe them.
11:02
Of all fimbriae, one fimbria is long enough to reach the Ovary. It is called Ovarian Fimbria.
11:10
An ovary is not directly connected to its adjacent Fallopian tube, right? And now you might wonder,
11:17
doesn’t that leave a chance for the Oocyte to not go into the ovarian tube? Well, yes,
11:22
there’s always that small chance, you know. But this is actually a very controlled process. I
11:27
couldn’t animate it, but I’ll try to explain. When Ovulation is about to occur, the sex hormones
11:33
activate the fimbriae, causing them to swell with blood and hit the ovary in a gentle, sweeping
11:39
motion. An oocyte is then released from the Ovary into the peritoneal cavity, and the cilia of the
11:46
fimbriae sweep the ovum into the Fallopian tube. It’s a cool process. And here’s a little better representation of the ovarian fimbria. You see it goes
11:56
along and reaches the Ovary, compared to the other fimbriae of the uterine tube. Alright. The other
12:01
opening. Which opens into the uterine tube, is called the uterine ostium, as you see here.
12:06
Now I wanna take a small segment of the fallopian tube and look at the walls to understand hwo the uterine tube is actually built. The uterine tube is simple. It consists of
12:17
a mucosa. Muscularis, and serosa. The serous coat covers the tube intraperitoneally, except
12:26
for the area where the mesosalpinx is, which is another part of the broad ligament of the Uterus.
12:33
So remember we talked about the broad ligament and how it fixates the inner organs and that it
12:38
consists of 3 parts? One part fixates the Ovary, called Mesovarium, and another part
12:45
now is called the mesosalpinx. This one. It fixates the fallopian tube,
12:50
and along this place, arteries and nerves enter the tube, but veins and lymphatics leave it.
12:57
Awesome. I’ll stop there. That’s all you need to know about the fallopian tube’s anatomy.
Uterus
13:02
Now, let’s do the Uterus. Now the Uterus. The Uterus such a cool organ. It
13:07
undergoes cyclic transformation, It’s synchronized with the ovarian cycle to ensure that the Uterus
13:13
is ready for implantation of the fertilized ovum, and you know, at one point, we’ve all been inside
13:19
one of these. So let’s go through its anatomy. Let’s first change the angle.
13:24
First off, you need to know that it’s normally positioned in anteflexion, meaning that it’s bending forward and that it’s almost completely covered by the peritoneum.
13:35
To cover as much of the Uterus as possible. I wanna remove half of it to get a better view.
13:41
And let’s also look at the Uterus from this perspective. We’ll see this. Alright. The Uterus
13:48
consists of a fundus. Which is located above the entrances of the uterine tubes.
13:54
It has a uterine body, which is the thickened part of the Uterus. Now the uterine body has
14:00
two surfaces, and if you look here. One surface is called the vesical surface, or the anterior
14:06
surface because it faces the urinary bladder. And one surface is called the intestinal or posterior
14:12
surface because it faces the sigmoid colon. What separates these two surfaces
14:18
is the border of the Uterus. This border is where the broad ligament of the Uterus is attached to.
14:25
Another part of the Uterus is called the cervix of the Uterus. This is the cylindrical part of
14:30
the Uterus. The lower part of it lies in the vagina, and the upper part is above the vagina.
14:37
That means we can subdivide it into he supravaginal part, and the vaginal part.
14:43
Other things we can see here are the uterine horns, which are paired structures through which
14:49
the uterine tubes enter the Uterus. Pretty straightforward, isn’t it? Now, inside the Uterus, we can see the uterine cavity. This cavity has three openings. Two
15:01
at the base, where the uterine tube opens, called the uterine opening of the oviduct. And one
15:07
opening down here at the end of the cervical canal called the external os of the Uterus. Which is
15:14
the opening of the cervical canal to the vagina. This canal is bordered by the cervical lips. So
15:22
if we look at the posterior/lateral angle of the Uterus and the vagina, and remove the posterior
15:28
wall of the vagina, we’ll be able to see the external os of the Uterus. And we’ll also be able
15:34
to see that it’s bordered by the anterior lip of the cervix, and the posterior lip of the cervix.
15:42
In nulliparous women, meaning women that haven’t had a baby before, this orifice is small and round, as you see here on the left. And after childbirth, it becomes like
15:53
a narrow fissure, as you see here. Alright. Let’s now take the Uterus, take one piece of it out, and look at it
16:00
underneath the microscope. We’ll see this. Now the Uterus consists of an Endometrium,
16:06
a Myometrium, and a Perimetrium. The endometrium contains specialized
16:12
mucosa that undergoes marked changes during the menstrual cycle. It consists of two layers. A functional layer that undergoes menstrual changes and a basal layer that
16:23
doesn’t change during the menstrual cycle. Now, the functional layer is special; let’s zoom in on it. It consists of simple columnar epithelium.
16:32
It has an endometrial stroma, which is the underlying connective tissue. And it has many uterine glands, which during the menstrual cycle, the surface epithelium
16:43
invaginates into the stroma to form simple tubular glands, which is the one you see here.
16:50
So what happens is, while the follicle is growing, it releases estrogen, right? As the
16:57
estrogen level gradually rise, it signals to start the proliferation phase of the menstrual cycle.
17:04
At this point, the blood discharge starts slowing and then stops in response to rising hormone
17:10
levels. The lining of the Uterus will thicken and proliferate with the rising of estrogen.
17:16
Then when Ovulation happen due to the pike in Luteinizing hormone release.
17:21
After Ovulation under the influence of progesterone, the endometrium changes
17:26
to a secretory lining in preparation for the potential implantation of an embryo
17:32
to establish a pregnancy. If implantation happens, the inner lining remains. But if implantation doesn’t happen within approximately two weeks,
17:43
the progesterone producing corpus luteum in the Ovary will die off, right? And since corpus luteum
17:49
is the one that produces mainly progesterone. If it degenerates, the progesterone and the estrogen
17:55
levels decrease. This hormone decrease causes the Uterus to shed its lining during menstruation.
18:03
So with this in mind. This specimen is from the early secretory phase of the menstrual cycle
18:09
because the uterine glands are mostly straight and only slightly dilated.
18:14
So that was the functional layer of the Uterus. The basal layer again is retained during menstruation and regenerates the functional layer.
18:25
Next, let’s do the Myometrium. The myometrium is composed of three layers of smooth muscle.
18:32
The Inner and Outer Layers are mostly longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle. And the Middle Layer, which is the thickest layer of mostly circular or spiral bundles
18:42
of smooth muscle with numerous blood vessels. Now, the endometrium contains a unique system
18:48
of blood vessels that undergo marked changes during the menstrual cycle. It contains arcuate arteries which encircle the Uterus in the myometrium,
18:59
Arcuate arteries branch off as radial arteries that ascend into the endometrium.
19:05
The radial arteries give off straight arteries, which supply the basal layer,
19:10
and spiral arteries which pass through the basal layer and supply the functional layer.
19:17
Alright. The last layer is the perimetrium, which is the outer serous layer of the Uterus,
19:24
and it’s continuous with the broad ligament, as you see here. Now, let’s go through the fixation of the Uterus. The Uterus is held in place by the help of the
19:34
peritoneal folds, the parametrial ligaments, and the supporting apparatus of the Uterus.
19:41
Remember we talked about the peritoneum and that it consists of two layers. And then, we talked about how the peritoneum forms a double fold at the Uterus,
19:50
forming the broad ligament of the Uterus. Which is attached to the uterine border medially
19:56
and is continuous with the parietal peritoneum of the pelvic wall laterally?
20:01
The Broad ligament consists of three parts. The Mesovarium which is a peritoneal fold of the
20:07
Ovary, the mesosalpinx which is a peritoneal fold o the uterine tube. And the mesometrium,
20:13
which is a peritoneal fold of the Uterus. They all a part of the broad ligament of the Uterus.
20:20
And they help fixate the organs in place. Here’s another angle, kind of, showing you that the broad ligament is more vertically located along the uterine border.
20:29
Alright. Parametrial ligaments are ligaments that hold the uterus in its proper position in the pelvis. These are the Cardinal ligament of the Uterus,
20:40
which extends from the cervix uteri to the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity There’s the vesico-uterine ligament, which extends from the Uterus to the urinary bladder.
20:50
The pubocervical ligament, goes from the pubic symphysis to the cervix.
20:56
There’s the uterosacral ligament and the rectouterine ligament. So that’s these. Another paraumbilical ligament that’s important
21:05
is the round ligament of the Uterus, which keeps the Uterus in anteversion during pregnancy.
21:12
Next, we have the supporting apparatus of the Uterus. This mainly include the perineal muscles.
21:19
These muscles hold the Uterus, like a plate. So here we see the posterior aspect of the pelvis.
21:25
If we go ahead and expose it a little bit, we’ll be able to see the perineal muscles here.
21:31
They provide support to the inner genital organs. Another supporting apparatus is
21:36
the levator anii muscle. So if we add the pelvic bone back, and there you see the levator ani muscle. It also supports the Uterus.
21:45
So that was the fixation of the Uterus. Alright. 3 down. Let’s quickly do the vagina, and then we’ll do the external organs.
Vagina
21:54
The vagina is a hollow muscular tube that serves as the terminal part of the female genital tract.
22:01
It extends from the Uterus to the external genitals and ends with the vaginal orifice, located within the vestibule of the vagina. Vestibule
22:10
is just the space bordered by the inner lips. Within the vagina, you’ll find the vaginal canal,
22:16
which is the cavity of the vagina. This cavity is bordered anteriorly by the anterior wall and a Posterior wall. Up in this area, around the cervix of the
22:27
Uterus. You’ll find a groove. This groove has an anatomical name, called the Vaginal Fornix.
22:34
It has an anterior part, which is the shallow part of the fornix. It has a posterior
22:40
part which is deeper, and two lateral parts. At the external vaginal orifice, in young women,
22:47
you’ll find a thin piece of mucosal tissue that surrounds or partially covers it.
22:54
From the third week of gestation to the second trimester, the hymen is formed following the vagina. Some girls are born without a hymen. Others have only fragments of tissue.
23:05
It doesn’t grow back, which is fine because it really doesn’t have any practical use anyway. But as you can see here, the hymen can have several anatomical variations.
23:14
It can range from thin and stretchy to thick and somewhat rigid. 1-2 out of 1,000 infants
23:22
may have an imperforated hymen, though. This is the only variation that may require medical
23:28
intervention because it can completely prevent the passage of menstrual fluid or slows it significantly. And in a practical setting,
23:36
The hymen can stretch or tear as a result of various behaviors, by the use of tampons,
23:42
or menstrual cups, pelvic examinations with a speculum, and sexual intercourse.
23:49
Alright. Let’s change the angle. In front of the Vagina, you’ll find the urinary bladder and the urethra. So between them,
23:56
you’ll find the urethrovaginal septum, which is just a plate of connective tissue.
24:02
And behind the Vagina you’ll find the Rectum. So in between them is the rectovaginal septum.
24:08
And as the peritoneum covers the inner wall of the pelvis, it forms a pouch called the Recto-uterine pouch, or sometimes referred to as the pouch of Douglas.
24:19
Alright. Let’s now take a piece of the vaginal wall and look at it underneath the microscope. We’ll see this.
24:26
So it’s going to have a mucosa, muscularis, and a serosa or adventitia.
24:32
The mucosa of the vagina is, it forms contains numerous transverse folds on the surface of the
24:38
mucosa. And if we take a closer look into the epithelium of it, you’ll see that it’s lined by
24:44
Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized Epithelium. Under physiological conditions, Estrogen
24:51
promotes the storage of glycogen in the middle and upper layers of the epithelium. Now,
24:56
why would you need these cells to store glycogen? As epithelial cells are exfoliated, glycogen is
25:04
released. Right? This released glycogen will get metabolized by bacteria producing lactic acid.
25:11
This lowers the pH in the lumen and inhibits the growth of the pathogen.
25:16
Pretty cool process. That’s why sometimes issues with estrogen levels can be reflected by the vaginal discharge. Awesome. So that’s the mucosa. The muscularis
25:27
is composed of two indistinct layers of smooth muscle. An inner circular layer and a much thicker, outer longitudinal layer.
25:36
Then the outer part is either adventitia or serosa. The adventitia consists of loose connective tissue and provides a
25:44
connection with the surrounding organs, which is the rectum, urinary bladder, and the urethra.
25:50
Tunica serosa covers the upper part of the posterior wall of the vagina.
25:55
Awesome. So now we’ve gone through the Ovaries, we’ve gone through the uterine tubes and the Uterus and the vagina. All of those are
External Genital Organs
26:04
considered internal genital organs. Let’s now go through the external
26:09
genital organs. They’re pretty straight forward. So let’s look at this model from this perspective.
26:14
We’ll see this. The external genital organs consist of a vestibule, labia minora, the clitoris, the bulb of the vestibule and its associated glands,
26:26
and the labia majora or outer lips. So let’s do the vestibule first.
Vestibule
26:32
The vaginal vestibule is an area bordered by the labia minora. And within the vaginal vestibule, you’ll find the external urethral orifice coming from the urinary
26:43
bladder. And the vaginal orifice, which leads into the vagina. You’ll also find the Lesser vestibular
26:50
glands, which help secrete a substance to lubricate the urethra opening. This substance is
26:56
also believed to act as an antimicrobial as well. Now, there are paired mucous glands embedded in
27:03
the perineal membrane, called the greater vestibular glands, or Bartholin’s glands.
27:09
These glands open into the posterior part of the vestibule. They secrete fluid that helps
27:15
lubricate the vagina. Sometimes the ducts of these glands can become obstructed, and fluid backs up,
27:22
forming a cyst. Called bartholin’s cyst So that was the vestibule. Around the vestibule,
Labia Minora/Inner Lips
27:29
you’ll find labia minora. Labia minora are two small
27:34
cutaneous folds situated between labia majora. They extend from the clitoris obliquely downward,
27:42
and the posterior ends of them are usually joined across the midline by the fold of the skin
27:47
called the frenulum of labia minora. The inner surface of the labia minora is lined by the mucous, containing numerous glands which moisten the vaginal vestibule.
Clitoris
27:57
Next, we have the clitoris, this one The clitoris is one of the most sensitive
28:04
erogenous zones due to its high concentration of nerve endings. We say it’s the female version of
28:10
a penis since it’s made up of corpus cavernosum, the same as the penis. That’s the erectile tissue.
28:17
It consists of the glans clitoris, which is the terminal external part. Body of the clitoris, splits into two crura of clitoris.
28:26
Around the glans clitoris, we have the Prepuce of clitoris, or the clitoral hood. This is a fold of skin that surrounds and protects the glans of the clitoris
Bulb of Vestibule
28:36
So that was the clitoris. Then we got something called the bulb of the vestibule. This is a type of erectile tissue closely related to the clitoris. The vestibule
28:47
bulbs are two bulbs of erectile tissue that start close to the inferior side of the body of the
28:54
clitoris and then extend towards the urethra and vagina on the medial side of the clitoral crus.
29:02
It is formed by the plexus of venous blood vessels covered by the capsule.
Labia Majora/Outer Lips
29:07
Alright. Let’s now do some other external structures. Here we can see the labia minora and the glans clitoris.
29:14
Lateral to the labia minora, we can find the labia majora. Each labium has two surfaces: an outer part which is basically skin covered by hair, and an inner
29:26
part, which is smooth with sebaceous glands. The labia are thicker upwards, and at the upper
29:34
angle where they meet, we call this area the anterior commissure. And posteriorly,
29:40
they don’t directly connect as the anterior side does, but together with the surrounding skin,
29:46
they form the posterior labial commissure. In front of the pubic symphysis, we can find Mons,
Mons Pubis
29:53
located above labia majora. It is triangular in shape, formed by fatty tissue, and becomes covered
30:01
by hair at the time of puberty. This is also where the round ligament of the Uterus attaches to.
Summary
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So that was finally everything I had about the female genital system. We talked about the internal female genital organs, which consist of the ovaries,
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uterine tubes, Uterus, and the vagina. And the external genital system,
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which consists of the vestibule, labia minora, clitoris, bulb of the vestibule, the labia majora.
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As well as the upper area called the mons pubis. I really hope you found this video helpful. If
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you did, please put a like, comment, and subscribe. See you next time.
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