Description

This video covers the side branches of the Thoracic Aorta, including both parietal branches (supplying the thoracic wall and diaphragm) and visceral branches (supplying the lungs, esophagus, mediastinum, and pericardium).

Parietal Branches:

• Posterior Intercostal Arteries (3rd–12th rib)
  • The first two intercostal arteries come from the supreme intercostal artery (branch of the costocervical trunk).
  • Upper six posterior intercostal arteries anastomose with the anterior intercostal arteries from the internal thoracic artery.
  • Lower six posterior intercostal arteries anastomose with the anterior intercostal arteries from the musculophrenic branch.
  • Branches of posterior intercostal arteries:
    • Collateral branch: Runs along the lower border of the intercostal space.
    • Lateral cutaneous branch: Supplies the skin and lateral thorax.
    • Dorsal branch: Supplies deep muscles of the back and spinal cord.
    • Lateral mammary artery: Contributes to the blood supply of the breast.
• Superior Phrenic Artery: Supplies the superior part of the diaphragm.

Visceral Branches:

• Bronchial Artery: Supplies the bronchi, lung parenchyma, and pleura.
• Mediastinal Artery: Supplies lymph nodes and connective tissue in the posterior mediastinum.
• Esophageal Artery: Supplies the esophagus along its thoracic portion.
• Pericardial Artery: Supplies the pericardium surrounding the heart.

Clinical Correlations:

• Coarctation of the Aorta: The posterior intercostal arteries act as collateral circulation in cases of aortic narrowing.
• Aortic Dissection: The thoracic aorta’s side branches can be affected by aortic wall tears.
• Esophageal Varices: Enlargement of esophageal veins due to portal hypertension can affect the esophageal artery.

Sources Used:

• • Memorix Anatomy (2nd Edition) – Hudák Radovan, Kachlík David, Volný Ondřej.
  • Complete Anatomy by 3D4Medical.
  • Biorender.

• University Notes and Lectures.

Transcript

Introduction
0:00
alright so in this video we’re gonna
0:01
look at the branches of the thoracic
0:03
Ulta so by using this picture as a base
0:06
I think we’ll be able to cover most of
0:08
the branches supplying the structures of
0:10
the thoracic cavity one of the most
0:13
important things you need to know is
0:15
that the outer starts at the heart going
0:17
out from the left ventricle as the optic
0:20
bulb from where the coronary arteries
0:22
leave and then ascends and then curves
0:25
forming the optic arch and from the
0:27
Arctic arch you’re gonna see three major
0:30
arteries going out the left subclavian
0:32
artery the left common carotid artery
0:35
and the breathless a phallic trunk which
0:37
divides into the right common carotid
0:39
artery and the right subclavian artery
0:42
which becomes the axillary artery once
0:44
it passes the first rib and now after
0:47
the optic arch it becomes the thoracic
0:49
aorta which pierces the diaphragm
0:52
through a hole called the outer Kyoto’s
0:55
becoming the abdominal aorta so the
0:57
diaphragm is really the landmark here
0:59
between the thoracic aorta and the
1:01
abdominal aorta so the thoracic auto
1:05
will curve right starts off on the left
1:08
side of the vertebrae and then ends up
1:10
in the median line in front of the
1:12
vertebrae
1:13
now let’s look into the side branches
Side Branches of the Thoracic Aorta
1:14
the side branches of the thoracic auto
1:17
are divided into the visceral and the
1:19
parallel branches the visceral branches
1:22
goes to the visceral organs and the
1:24
parallel branches goes to basically
1:27
everything that’s not the visceral
1:28
organs so now let’s first start with the
Parietal Branches
1:31
pirate all branches the part all
1:33
branches here are divided into two
1:35
arterial groups the first ones are the
1:37
ten arteries running along the lower
1:39
border off of the ribs on each side more
1:43
specifically they run along the lower
1:45
border of the third rib to the 12th rib
1:47
and these are the posterior intercostal
1:51
arteries the upper to posterior
1:54
intercostal arteries comes from the
1:57
supreme intercostal artery which
1:59
remember comes from the costal cervical
2:01
trunk of the subclavian artery and all
2:04
of these posterior intercostal arteries
2:06
will connect with the internal thoracic
2:09
artery which also comes from the
2:11
subclavian artery the upper six
2:13
Syria intercostal arteries will connect
2:16
directly with the internal thoracic
2:18
artery through the anterior intercostal
2:20
arteries and then remember the internal
2:24
thoracic artery will split at the
2:26
seventh rib into the superior epigastric
2:30
artery which meets up with the inferior
2:32
epigastric artery and the muscular
2:33
phrenic artery and the muscular phrenic
2:36
artery is the one that gives off the
2:39
lower six anterior intercostal arteries
2:42
connecting with the lower six posterior
2:44
intercostal arteries and through the
2:47
posterior and the anterior intercostal
2:49
arteries the muscles between the ribs
2:51
can be supplied by these but the
2:54
posterior intercostal arteries do have
2:56
side branches and each one of the
2:58
posterior intercostal artery will give
3:01
off the same side branch but for
3:03
simplicity I’ll only use one I’ll only
3:05
show one artery of each side branch so
3:09
the first one is a cold actual branch
3:11
originating from the costal angle and
3:13
supplies the structures in its own
3:16
intercostal space and the skin the next
3:19
is a lateral cutaneous branch for the
3:21
skin of the lateral and the anterior
3:24
part of the trunk
3:25
then there’s the dorsal branch for the
3:28
skin and the deep muscles of the back
3:30
and they also have some side branches
3:32
supplying the spinal cord as well and so
3:34
remember each posterior intercostal
3:36
artery have these side branches all
3:39
right so there’s gonna be one more but
3:42
this one’s only for females arising from
3:44
the fourth to sixth posterior
3:47
intercostal arteries to supply the
3:49
mammary glands and these are the lateral
3:51
memory arteries so that’s the posterior
3:54
intercostal arteries just remember that
3:56
the last posterior intercostal artery is
3:59
called a sub Coast lottery all right the
4:02
other partial branch of the thoracic
4:04
aorta is this superior phrenic artery
4:06
the supply the diaphragm now over to the
Visceral Branches
4:10
visceral branches there are four
4:11
visceral branches from the thoracic
4:13
aorta
4:14
first one is a bronchial branch and they
4:17
entered the lungs through the roots of
4:19
the of each lung at the pulmonary helium
4:22
and supplied the lungs the bronchi and
4:24
they with syrup
4:25
with blood then there’s the mediastinal
4:28
branches and these are many branches to
4:30
supply many structures here in the
4:32
posterior mediastinum like the lymph
4:34
nodes fibers and fatty tissue then
4:38
there’s the esophageal branch supplying
4:40
the esophagus the upper part of the
4:43
branch communicates with the esophageal
4:45
branch of the inferior thyroid artery
4:47
which remember comes from the thyroid
4:49
cervical trunk of the subclavian artery
4:51
it also communicates with the left
4:54
gastric artery at the lower part of the
4:57
esophagus the abdominal part of the
4:59
sulcus the last branch is the
5:02
pericardial branch supplying the
5:04
pericardium together with the
5:06
pericardial branch of the internal
5:08
thoracic artery so that’s all I had for
5:12
the thoracic aorta I really hope you
5:14
found this video useful to understand
5:16
this topic see you next time