Description

This video covers the muscles of the hip joint, including their origins, insertions, and functions.

Muscles of the Hip Joint

• Anterior Group [3]
• Posterior Group [10] – Deep + Superficial Layers

Anterior Group

Iliacus (Musculus Iliacus)

• Origin: Iliac Fossa

Psoas Major (Musculus Psoas Major)

• Origin: Vertebral Bodies of T12-L5

Iliopsoas (Musculus Iliopsoas)

• Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Minor)
• Function:
  • Flexion + Adduction of Femur
  • External Rotation of Femur
  • Flexion of Trunk

Psoas Minor (Musculus Psoas Minor)

• Origin: Vertebral Bodies of T12-L1
• Insertion: Iliopubic Eminence (Eminentia Iliopubica)
• Function: Flexion of Trunk

Posterior Group

Deep Muscles (“Pelvitrochanteric Muscles”)

These muscles insert around the greater trochanter, maintaining hip joint stability and posture.

Piriformis (Musculus Piriformis)

• Origin: Anterior Surface of Sacrum (S2-S4)
• Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major)
• Function:
  • External Rotation of Thigh
  • Abduction of Thigh

Obturator Internus (Musculus Obturatorius Internus)

• Origin: Inner Surface of Obturator Membrane
• Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major)
• Function:
  • External Rotation of Thigh
  • Abduction of Thigh

Gemellus Superior (Musculus Gemellus Superior)

• Origin: Ischial Spine (Spina Ischiadica)

Gemellus Inferior (Musculus Gemellus Inferior)

• Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum)
• Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major)
• Function: External Rotation of Thigh

Quadratus Femoris (Musculus Quadratus Femoris)

• Origin: Ischial Tuberosity (Tuber Ischiadicum)
• Insertion: Intertrochanteric Crest (Crista Intertrochanterica)
• Function:
  • External Rotation of Thigh
  • Adduction of Thigh

Obturator Externus (Musculus Obturatorius Externus)

• Origin: External Surface of Obturator Membrane
• Insertion: Trochanteric Fossa (Fossa Trochanterica)
• Function:
  • External Rotation of Thigh
  • Accessory Flexion

Superficial Muscles [4]

These muscles assist in standing up from a sitting position, climbing stairs, and preventing hip deviation.

Gluteus Minimus (Musculus Gluteus Minimus)

• Origin: Gluteal Surface of Ilium (between Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines)
• Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major)
• Function:
  • Abduction of Femur
  • Anterior Fibers: Internal Rotation
  • Posterior Fibers: External Rotation

Gluteus Medius (Musculus Gluteus Medius)

• Origin: Gluteal Surface of Ilium (between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines)
• Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur (Trochanter Major)
• Function:
  • Abduction of Femur
  • Anterior Fibers: Internal Rotation
  • Posterior Fibers: External Rotation

Gluteus Maximus (Musculus Gluteus Maximus)

• Origin:
  • Gluteal Surface of Ilium (behind Posterior Gluteal Line)
  • Posterior Surface of Sacrum and Coccyx
  • Sacrotuberal Ligament
  • Thoracolumbar Fascia
• Insertion:
  • Gluteal Tuberosity of Femur
  • Iliotibial Tract
• Function:
  • Abduction + Extension of Femur
  • External Rotation

Tensor Fasciae Latae (Musculus Tensor Fasciae Latae)

• Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
• Insertion: Continues into the Iliotibial Tract, Tubercle of Iliotibial Tract
• Function:
  • Tenses Iliotibial Tract to “Lock” the Knee Joint
  • Flexion of Femur

Transcript

Introduction
0:03
What’s up. Meditay here and in this video, we’ll be covering the muscles of the Hip Joint,
0:08
which as you know are a part of the muscles of the lower limb. Alright. So the muscles of
0:12
the lower limb are divided into 4 parts according to their anatomical location.
0:17
The first group are muscles of the Hip Joint. Then we have the muscles of the Thigh, muscles
0:23
of the Leg and then the muscles of the Foot. So again, muscles of the Hip Joint are what
Division of the Hip Muscles
0:27
we’re gonna focus on today. And they’re divided into two main groups. We have the Anterior group,
0:33
which consist of 3 muscles. and the Posterior group consisting of 10 muscles in total,
0:39
divided as deep and superficial layers. So let’s work our way through all of the
0:44
muscles here, starting with the anterior group. And we’ll use this pelvis as a standpoint of
0:48
which we’ll our muscles on. The first muscle is the Iliacus Muscle, which look like this.
Anterior Group: Iliopsoas Muscle
0:54
The Iliacus muscle originate from the iliac fossa as you see here, and then it joins with
1:00
another anterior group muscle, which is called Psoas Major, which look like this. Psoas Major
1:06
is going to originate at the vertebral bodies of the T12-L5. And then distally,
1:12
the Iliacus and Psoas Major will join each other and form the Iliopsoas Muscle, which is then going
1:18
to attach on the lesser trochanter of the femur. The Iliopsoas muscle is responsible for Flexion
1:26
and adduction of the femur, as well as external rotation of the femur. And since Psoas Major
1:31
originates from the vertebral bodies, it’s also going to assist with flexion of the trunk.
1:37
So that’s the Iliopsoas Muscle. The third muscle is the Psoas Minor,
Psoas Minor
1:42
which is this tiny muscle you see here. Psoas Minor will originate from the
1:46
vertebral bodies of the T12-L1, and then Insert at the Iliopubic Eminence. And its function is
1:54
actually assisting with the flexion of the trunk. So that was the 3 muscles of the anterior group
2:00
of the hip joint. The Psoas Minor, and the two muscles of the Iliopsoas Muscle,
Posterior Group
2:05
Aight. Now let’s do the Posterior group. The posterior group is divided into Deep muscles
2:11
which consist of 6 muscles. And superficial muscles, consisting of 4 muscles.
2:16
The Deep muscles of the posterior hip muscles are also called Pelvicotrochanteric muscles,
Deep Posterior Muscles
2:20
and the reason why is because all of them are going to insert at around the
2:24
greater trochanter of the femur. And their function is mainly to
2:28
maintain the stability of the hip joint and maintaining our posture.
2:32
So the first muscle is the Piriformis muscle, which is this one. Viewed from the posterior side.
Piriformis
2:38
It originates from the lateral part of the anterior surface of the Sacrum,
2:43
from S2-S4 segments of the sacrum. And then it’ll insert at the greater trochanter of the femur.
2:50
The piriformis is responsible for external rotation of the thigh,
2:55
as well as abduction of the thigh. Next, we have the Obturator Internus
Obturator Internus
2:59
muscle. Which is located on the inner surface of the obturator opening. It originates from the
3:04
inner surface of the obturator membrane, and then insert at the greater trochanter of the femur.
3:10
And when it contacts, it externally rotate the thigh, and abducts the thigh as well.
3:16
Then we have two muscles here on the backside, called Gemellus Superior, which originate from
Gemellus Superior/Inferior
3:21
the ischial spine, or spina ischiadicum. And Gemellus Inferior, which originate from the
3:26
Ischial Tuberosity. Both of them are going to insert at the greater trochanter of the Femur
3:32
as well. And when they both contract, they’ll externally rotate the thigh, as you see here.
Quadratus Femoris
3:37
Another muscle is the Quadratus Femoris, which is this one.
3:41
I know a lot of people who mix it with the quadriceps femoris,
3:45
the large muscle of the thigh. This is called quadratus femoris due to its quadratic shape.
3:51
It originates from the ischial tuberosity, and insert at the intertrochanteric crest,
3:57
as you see here; and then when it contracts, it’ll externally rotate the thigh, and adduct the thigh,
4:03
pulling it medially. So that’s this one. The 6th muscle is the Obturator Externus muscle,
Obturator Externus Muscle
4:10
and I put this one last because some sources consider the obturator externus as a part of the
4:16
muscles of the thigh, and some sources count it as a muscle of the hip joint. So keep that in mind,
4:21
I find it more logical to put it with the deep muscles of the hip joint, but it can
4:26
vary depending on the source you’re studying from. The obturator externus originate from the external
4:31
surface of the obturator membrane, and then it’s going to insert at the trochanteric fossa.
4:37
When it contracts, it’s going to externally rotate the thigh, and give an accessory
4:42
flexion of the thigh as well. So that was all the deep muscles
4:46
of the posterior group of the hip joint. Now let’s do the superficial muscles.
Superficial Posterior Muscles
4:51
These include the three gluteal muscles, and the tensor fascia lata.
4:55
One thing they have in common is that they facilitate standing up from a sitting position.
5:01
They help climbing upstairs, or up hills. And they also prevent the hip from deviating
5:06
over to one side. So, they’re very strong and very important for our posture and stability.
5:12
Aight. So first we have the gluteus minimis, which is this one.
Gluteus Minimus
5:16
It originates from the gluteal surface of the ileum between the anterior and inferior
5:21
gluteal lines. And then it inserts at the greater trochanter of the femur.
5:26
The main function of this muscle is abduction of the femur. However, the anterior fibers can
5:32
internally rotate the thigh, and the posterior fibers can externally rotate the thigh.
Gluteus Medius
5:38
Then we have gluteus Medius, which is here.
5:41
It originates from the surface of the Ileum, between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines,
5:47
and insert at the greater trochanter of the femur, as you see here.
5:50
The function is exactly the same as the gluteus minimus. Which is abduction of the femur,
5:55
and internally or externally rotating the thigh depending on which fibers are contracting.
Gluteus Maximus
6:01
Now let’s talk about the big guy, the actual muscle forming the majority
6:05
of our butt. It’s the gluteus maximus. This muscle originates from several areas.
6:11
It originates from the gluteal surface of the ileum behind the posterior gluteal line And The
6:16
posterior Surface of the sacrum and the coccygeal bone. It also originates from the sacrotuberal
6:23
ligament, which is this one highlighted in green. And the thoracolumbar fascia, which is the fascia
6:28
covering the lumbar region as you see here. So fibers of this muscle originate from these areas,
6:35
and then they insert at the gluteal tuberosity of the femur, as well as the iliotibial tract. The
6:41
iliotibial tract is a fibrous tract that is formed by the fascia covering the thigh. We’ll talk a
6:46
little more about it when we cover the fascia of the lower extremity. Now. The function of the
6:51
gluteus maximus is abduction and extension of the femur. As well as externally rotating the femur.
6:58
So that’s the gluteal muscles. The last muscle that I wanna talk about is the Tensor Fascia
Tensor Fasciae Latae
7:03
Lata. Which is here located on either side of the hip. It originates from the anterior superior
7:09
iliac spine, and then it continues into the iliotibial tract to then insert at the tubercle
7:15
of the iliotibial tract, which is down here. And the function of the tensor fascia lata
7:21
is .. well.. it tenses the iliotibial tract. And once this tract tenses, it extends the leg forward
7:28
to lock the knee joint. So this muscle stabilized the knee joint through the iliotibial tract.
7:34
It also assists with flexion of the femur. So that was the superficial muscles of the thigh.
7:39
And that was all the muscles of the hip joint. Next let’s covert he muscles of the thigh.