Description

This video will cover:

• Branches of the Axillary Artery
• Branches of the Brachial Artery
• Blood supply of the Elbow (Rete Cubiti)
• Branches of the Radial Artery
• Branches of the Ulnar Artery
• Blood supply of the Wrist (Rete Carpale)
• Blood supply of the Hand

Axillary Artery:

Divided into three parts based on its relation to the pectoralis minor muscle:

• 1st part (medial to pectoralis minor):
  • Superior Thoracic Artery
• 2nd part (behind pectoralis minor):
  • Thoracoacromial Artery (Mnemonic: APCD)
    • A: Acromial Branch
    • P: Pectoral Branch
    • C: Clavicular Branch
    • D: Deltoid Branch
  • Lateral Thoracic Artery
    • Lateral Mammary Artery
• 3rd part (lateral to pectoralis minor):
  • Subscapular Artery
    • Thoracodorsal Artery
    • Circumflex Scapular Artery
  • Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
  • Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

Brachial Artery:

Located in the medial bicipital groove, supplying the arm.

• Branches supplying anterior arm muscles
• Deep Brachial Artery
  • Medial Collateral Artery
  • Radial Collateral Artery
• Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery
• Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery

Ulnar Artery:

• Recurrent Ulnar Arteries
• Common Interosseous Artery
  • Anterior Interosseous Artery
  • Posterior Interosseous Artery
    • Recurrent Interosseous Artery

Radial Artery:

• Superficial Palmar Artery
• Palmar Carpal Artery
• Dorsal Carpal Artery
• Principal Artery of the Thumb

Blood Supply of the Elbow (Rete Cubiti):

• Radial Collateral Artery ↔ Recurrent Radial Artery
• Medial Collateral Artery ↔ Recurrent Interosseous Artery
• Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery ↔ Posterior Branch of Recurrent Ulnar Artery
• Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery ↔ Anterior Branch of Recurrent Ulnar Artery

Blood Supply of the Wrist (Rete Carpale):

• Anterior Carpal Plexus (Rete Carpi Palmare)
  • Palmar Carpal Arch/Plexus
• Posterior Carpal Plexus (Rete Carpi Dorsale)
  • Dorsal Carpal Arch/Plexus
  • Posterior Interosseous Artery
  • Anterior Interosseous Artery

Blood Supply of the Hand:

Palm of the Hand:

• Superficial Palmar Arch
  • Common Palmar Digital Arteries
    • Proper Palmar Digital Arteries
• Deep Palmar Arch
  • Princeps Pollicis Artery
    • Palmar Digital Arteries
• Palmar Metacarpal Arteries

Dorsum of the Hand:

• Dorsal Carpal Network
  • Dorsal Metacarpal Arteries
    • Dorsal Digital Arteries

Sources Used:

• Memorix Anatomy (2nd Edition) – Hudák Radovan, Kachlík David, Volný Ondřej.
• Complete Anatomy by 3D4Medical.
• Biorender.
• University Notes and Lectures.

Transcript

Introduction
0:00
our so this video is about the arterial
0:02
blood supply of the upper limb all the
0:05
way from the axillary artery until the
0:07
tip of your fingers so as you know the
0:10
outer leaves the heart giving off the
0:12
left common carotid artery the left
0:15
subclavian and the Braja cephalic trunk
0:17
which divides into the right common
0:19
carotid artery and the right subclavian
0:21
now from here we’re gonna have to follow
0:24
the subclavian artery as the major blood
0:27
supply to the upper extremities comes
0:29
from the subclavian artery now as soon
0:32
as the subclavian artery passes the
0:35
first rib is going to become the
0:37
axillary artery and this is really where
0:40
we’re going to start the axillary artery
0:43
is going to pass through the axilla and
0:45
then when it reaches the lower border of
0:47
the teres module it will continue as the
0:50
brachial artery now this landmark really
0:53
depends from textbook to textbook in
0:55
some places you could see it written as
0:57
the free margin of the pectoralis minor
0:59
would that reminds the border between
1:01
the axillary and the brachial artery and
1:03
both are essential characters you see
1:05
here it really depends on which source
1:07
you’re studying from so the brachial
1:10
artery will continue to the forearm and
1:12
then it was split into two terminal
1:14
branches the radial artery laterally and
1:17
the ulnar artery artery medially so as
1:21
these two descend
1:22
along the forearm and reach the hand the
1:25
radial artery in the lateral side is
1:27
going to enter the dorsum of the hands
1:30
and then it will re-enter the palm of
1:32
the hand between the two heads of the
1:34
dorsal interosseous muscles as a deep
1:37
palmar arch so this is the palm of the
1:39
hand keep that in mind
1:40
the ulnar artery is going to enter the
1:43
hand as a superficial palmar arch so now
1:46
that we’ve made our base let’s fill this
1:48
up with the side branches so let’s let’s
Axillary Artery
1:50
get back to the armpit and do the
1:52
axillary artery the axillary artery can
1:55
be divided into three parts using the
1:57
pectoralis minor as a landmark because
2:00
the first part is the part of the artery
2:02
that is medial to pectoralis minor the
2:05
second part lies behind PEC minor and
2:08
the third part lights laterally to pick
2:11
minor the
2:13
first part has one artery called the
2:15
superior thoracic artery supplying the
2:18
deep muscles of the first and the second
2:20
intercostal spaces the second part
2:23
however has two side branches it has an
2:26
artery that splits into four called the
2:28
thorah acromion artery for these just
2:31
remember APCD switching the letter B
2:34
with a pa4 acromial P for pectoral
2:39
artery supplying the pectoralis muscle
2:41
and the mammary gland in females C for
2:44
clavicular supplying the subclavius
2:47
muscle and D for dealt with supplying
2:50
the the deltoid muscle and the
2:51
pectoralis minor muscle so that’s this
2:55
one the second side branch of the
2:58
accelerator artery behind the pectoralis
3:00
minute is the lateral thoracic artery
3:03
supplying the anterior serratus muscles
3:05
on the side and as it makes its way to
3:08
the anterior serratus it gives off the
3:11
lateral memory arteries and females for
3:13
the mammary glands so that’s the two
3:16
branches behind the big minor for the
3:19
last part of the axillary artery we need
3:21
to add the scapula because it gives off
3:24
the subscapular artery supplying the
3:26
subscapular muscle and then as the
3:29
subscapular artery continues it divides
3:32
into two terminal branches and those are
3:35
the Torico dorsal which goes down along
3:38
the lateral margin of the scapula
3:40
supplying the anterior serratus muscle
3:43
just like the lateral thoracic artery
3:45
and it also supplies the lats the
3:48
latissimus muscle hence the name Toraja
3:51
dorsal both muscles are located in the
3:53
posterior side the other one is the
3:55
scapular circumflex artery which curves
3:58
back to the infraspinous fossa forming a
4:02
loop and then it will eventually meet up
4:05
with the suprascapular artery
4:07
remember this one coming from the
4:08
thyroid cervical trunk of this
4:10
subclavian artery the other two arteries
4:13
are associated with the humerus and they
4:15
are the anterior and the posterior
4:17
humeral circumflex arteries going around
4:21
the cervical neck of the humerus
4:23
supplying the structures they’re like
4:25
the shoulder
4:26
joint and the deltoid muscles so that’s
4:29
the axillary artery now moving over to
Brachial Artery
4:31
the brachial artery under the tails bio
4:33
or the free margin of the pectoralis
4:35
minor the brachial artery lies on the
4:39
medial bicipital groove between the
4:42
biceps and the triceps on the medial
4:44
side the cool thing with this artery is
4:46
that this is the artery you usually want
4:48
to auscultate when you want to measure
4:49
the blood pressure on someone’s arm
4:51
the other cool thing with this artery is
4:54
that as it descends along the arm it
4:56
basically sends out many side branches
4:59
supplying the muscles of the anterior
5:00
compartment of the arm and those are the
5:03
coracobrachialis the biceps and the
5:05
trolleys muscle but it do have side
5:08
branches and I want to use this humerus
5:10
over here to visualize them it has a
5:12
deep breath hill or the profundity which
5:15
goes behind the humerus in a groove
5:17
called Circus Nevada ALS it will supply
5:21
the whole posterior compartment of the
5:23
arm with blood so the triceps as well as
5:26
supplying the bone itself the rest of
Blood Supply of the Elbow
5:29
the arteries will work together to form
5:31
a vascular network in the region of the
5:33
elbow
5:34
our first artery is the inferior ulnar
5:37
collateral it arises above the medial
5:41
epicondyle of the humerus and then it
5:43
will pass in front of it the superior
5:46
ulnar collateral lies in the groove of
5:49
the ulnar nerve which remember lies
5:51
behind the epicondyle and a way to
5:54
remember that is that that’s the nerve
5:56
that hurts so much when you hit your
5:58
lower medial part of the elbow on
6:00
something that’s because the nerve is
6:02
located on the lower medial part of the
6:04
epicondyle so that’s the superior ulnar
6:08
collateral then posteriorly there’s the
6:11
radio collateral and the medial
6:13
collateral from the deep brachial artery
6:15
going down towards the elbow now on the
6:18
opposite side there’s a recurrent
6:21
radio that start from the radial artery
6:24
communicating with a radio collateral as
6:26
you see here and on the other side
6:28
there’s a recurrent ulnar which divides
6:31
into the anterior and the posterior
6:33
branch the anterior goes with the
6:36
inferior ulnar and the posterior goes
6:40
with
6:40
the superior ulnar collateral the medial
6:44
collateral artery that’s left alone is a
6:46
little special one and it has his own
6:48
special partner remember the membrane
6:50
that’s between the radius and ulna what
6:53
was the name of that membrane it’s the
6:55
interosseous membrane the ulnar artery
6:58
sends out an artery called the common
7:01
interest areas artery which basically
7:03
divides into two arteries one going
7:06
behind the interosseous membrane and one
7:09
in front and then called the anterior
7:12
and the posterior interosseous branches
7:15
thank god this doesn’t have any special
7:17
name now since the medial collateral
7:21
artery is located behind the elbow then
7:24
it’s body comes from the posterior into
7:27
the service artery called the de current
7:29
into the service artery all of this is
7:33
called reattach qbt and that is the
7:35
vascular network in the region of the
7:37
elbow now let’s continue and look at the
Radial Artery
7:41
radial artery the radial artery will
7:43
continue down between the Braja radio
7:46
and the flexor carpi radialis muscle and
7:48
then one once it reaches the lower part
7:51
of the arm above the steroid process of
7:53
the radius you can actually feel the
7:55
pulse of this artery try that now put
7:58
the tip of the index finger and the
8:00
middle finger on top of this data rate
8:02
process of the radius on the inside of
8:04
the wrist you should be able to feel the
8:06
radial artery pulsating so now let’s
8:10
let’s continue with this artery after it
8:12
passes this data rate process it winds
8:15
backwards behind the muscles of the
8:17
thumb the thermal muscles they’re called
8:19
as you see here the artery is going to
8:22
go back and then underneath the tendons
8:24
of these two muscles hard here in red
8:27
the extensor pollicis longus and the
8:29
abductor pollicis longus it passes the
8:33
anatomical snuffbox and then it pierces
8:36
the muscles to the first intercostal
8:38
space and then it will end up on the
8:40
palmar side again to meet up with the
8:43
deep palmar artery of the ulnar artery
8:45
making the deep palmar arch so the
8:49
radial artery supplies the whole
8:51
anterior compartment of the forearm
8:54
plus the radial side of the posterior
8:56
compartment the radial artery give off
8:59
the superficial palma branch which meets
9:02
up with the ulnar artery making up the
9:04
superficial palmar arch so these two
9:08
artists are really important blood
9:10
source for the muscles of the hands so
Blood Supply of the Wrist
9:13
the wrist also needs some blood and it
9:15
gets that by the dorsal and the polymer
9:17
carpal network the palmar couple network
9:20
is formed by the polymer carpal arteries
9:24
one coming from the radial artery and
9:26
one from the ulnar artery the posterior
9:30
carpal network is formed by four
9:32
arteries to dorsal carpal arteries one
9:35
from the ulnar and one from the radial
9:37
the posterior interosseous artery and
9:41
also the anterior interosseous artery
9:44
will pierce the membrane and also
9:48
contribute to the dorsal carpal Network
9:50
and that is the red tip Ahmadis now
Blood Supply of the Hand
9:54
lastly let’s do the blood supply of the
9:56
hands I know you’re tired and this is
9:59
probably a lot to take in through one
10:01
short video but we’re soon done here so
10:04
I already mentioned that this palm is
10:07
supplied by the superficial and the deep
10:09
palmar arch the superficial palmar arch
10:12
will give off three common Palmer
10:15
digital arteries and each of them will
10:18
divide into two arteries called the
10:20
proper palmar digital and then they will
10:24
supply the radial side of the little
10:27
finger the ring finger the middle finger
10:30
and the ulnar side of the index finger
10:32
the thumb and the ulnar side of the
10:35
index finger are supplied by the palmar
10:38
digital arteries coming from the
10:41
princeps Politis artery or the principal
10:44
artery of the thumb as you see here
10:45
coming from the radial artery just as it
10:48
enters the palm and as it forms a deep
10:51
palmar arch it gives off the palmar
10:54
metacarpal arteries which helped with
10:56
the communication between the deep and
10:59
the superficial palmar arches
11:01
helping with the blood supply to the
11:03
fingers through the common palmar
11:05
digital artery
11:07
now you’re probably wondering what about
11:09
the posterior part of the hands the
11:10
whole dorsal part of the hand is
11:13
supplied by the dorsal carpal network or
11:16
the arch you can also called the dorsal
11:20
carpal arch which give off the dorsal
11:22
metacarpal arteries dividing into the
11:25
dorsal digital arteries so that’s all I
11:28
had for the blood supply of the upper
11:30
extremities I know it’s a lot to take in
11:32
straight away but the more you study the
11:35
easier it becomes I really hope this
11:37
video helped you understand this topic
11:39
until next time