Endocrine System

📅 Last Updated: 05.05.2026
🔄 Version: 1.0

This PDF covers the anatomy of the endocrine system, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid glands, suprarenal glands, pancreatic islets, gonads, and pineal gland. It explains hormone production, endocrine signalling, and how hormones regulate metabolism, growth, stress response, and reproduction.

Major pathways such as the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, adrenal cortical zones, and pancreatic islet cell types are presented, along with hormone classes and feedback mechanisms. Clinical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and adrenal dysfunction are also included.

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📖 Sources:

  • Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy
  • StatPearls / NCBI Bookshelf – Endocrinology & Cortisol
  • Williams Textbook of Endocrinology
  • Boron & Boulpaep – Medical Physiology